Common Surgical Syndromes Flashcards

1
Q

What does ARDS stand for?
What is it?

A

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
- poor oxygenation caused by alveolar and
capillary inflammation

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2
Q

What is blind loop syndrome?

A

Bacterial overgrowth of intestine caused by stasis

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3
Q

What is Boerhaave’s syndrome?

A

Esophageal perforation

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4
Q

What is Budd–Chiari syndrome?

A

Thrombosis of hepatic veins

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5
Q

What is carcinoid syndrome?

A
  1. Bronchospasm
  2. Flushing
  3. Diarrhea
  4. Right-sided heart failure (caused by factors released by carcinoid tumor)
    Syndrome of “B FDR”
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6
Q

What is compartment syndrome?

A

Compartmental hypertension caused by edema, resulting in muscle necrosis of the lower extremity, because the fascial compartments do NOT stretch
- often seen in the calf
- patient may have a distal pulse

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7
Q

What is Cushing’s syndrome?

A

Excessive cortisol production

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8
Q

What is Fitz–Hugh–Curtis syndrome?

A

Perihepatic gonorrhea infection (perihepatic adhesions)

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9
Q

What is HITT syndrome?

A

Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenic Thrombosis syndrome
- Heparin-induced platelet antibodies cause platelets to thrombose vessels, often resulting in loss of limb or life

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10
Q

What is Leriche’s syndrome?

A

Claudication of buttocks and thighs, Impotence, Atrophy of legs
Condition seen with: iliac occlusive disease
Think: CIA

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11
Q

What is Mallory–Weiss syndrome?

A

Postemesis/retching tears in the gastric mucosa (near gastroesophageal junction)

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12
Q

What is Mendelson’s syndrome?

A

Chemical pneumonitis after aspiration of gastric contents

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13
Q

What is Mirizzi’s syndrome?

A

Extrinsic obstruction of the common hepatic bile duct from a gallstone in the gallbladder or cystic duct

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14
Q

What is Munchausen’s syndrome?

A

Self-induced illness; patient desires the attention comfort of the “sick” role

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15
Q

What is Ogilvie’s syndrome?

A

Massive nonobstructive colonic dilatation

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16
Q

What is Peutz–Jeghers syndrome?

A

Benign GI polyps and buccal pigmentation
Think: Peutz = Pigmentation

17
Q

What is RED reaction syndrome?

A

Syndrome of rapid vancomycin infusion, resulting in skin erythema

18
Q

What is refeeding syndrome?

A

Hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypophosphatemia after refeeding a starved patient

19
Q

What is short-gut syndrome?

A

Malnutrition resulting from <200 cm of viable small bowel

20
Q

What is SIADH?

A

Syndrome of Inappropriate AntiDiuretic Hormone Think: Inappropriately Increased ADH

21
Q

What is superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome?

A

Obstruction of the SVC (e.g., by tumor, thrombosis)

22
Q

What is thoracic outlet syndrome?

A

Compression of the structures exiting from the thoracic outlet

23
Q

What is toxic shock syndrome?

A

Staphylococcus aureus toxin-induced syndrome marked by fever, hypotension, organ failure, and rash (desquamation—especially palms and soles)

24
Q

What is Trousseau’s syndrome?

A

Syndrome of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) associated with carcinoma

25
Q

What is Zollinger–Ellison syndrome?

A

Gastrinoma and PUD