Common Surgical Syndromes Flashcards
What does ARDS stand for?
What is it?
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
- poor oxygenation caused by alveolar and
capillary inflammation
What is blind loop syndrome?
Bacterial overgrowth of intestine caused by stasis
What is Boerhaave’s syndrome?
Esophageal perforation
What is Budd–Chiari syndrome?
Thrombosis of hepatic veins
What is carcinoid syndrome?
- Bronchospasm
- Flushing
- Diarrhea
- Right-sided heart failure (caused by factors released by carcinoid tumor)
Syndrome of “B FDR”
What is compartment syndrome?
Compartmental hypertension caused by edema, resulting in muscle necrosis of the lower extremity, because the fascial compartments do NOT stretch
- often seen in the calf
- patient may have a distal pulse
What is Cushing’s syndrome?
Excessive cortisol production
What is Fitz–Hugh–Curtis syndrome?
Perihepatic gonorrhea infection (perihepatic adhesions)
What is HITT syndrome?
Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenic Thrombosis syndrome
- Heparin-induced platelet antibodies cause platelets to thrombose vessels, often resulting in loss of limb or life
What is Leriche’s syndrome?
Claudication of buttocks and thighs, Impotence, Atrophy of legs
Condition seen with: iliac occlusive disease
Think: CIA
What is Mallory–Weiss syndrome?
Postemesis/retching tears in the gastric mucosa (near gastroesophageal junction)
What is Mendelson’s syndrome?
Chemical pneumonitis after aspiration of gastric contents
What is Mirizzi’s syndrome?
Extrinsic obstruction of the common hepatic bile duct from a gallstone in the gallbladder or cystic duct
What is Munchausen’s syndrome?
Self-induced illness; patient desires the attention comfort of the “sick” role
What is Ogilvie’s syndrome?
Massive nonobstructive colonic dilatation
What is Peutz–Jeghers syndrome?
Benign GI polyps and buccal pigmentation
Think: Peutz = Pigmentation
What is RED reaction syndrome?
Syndrome of rapid vancomycin infusion, resulting in skin erythema
What is refeeding syndrome?
Hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypophosphatemia after refeeding a starved patient
What is short-gut syndrome?
Malnutrition resulting from <200 cm of viable small bowel
What is SIADH?
Syndrome of Inappropriate AntiDiuretic Hormone Think: Inappropriately Increased ADH
What is superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome?
Obstruction of the SVC (e.g., by tumor, thrombosis)
What is thoracic outlet syndrome?
Compression of the structures exiting from the thoracic outlet
What is toxic shock syndrome?
Staphylococcus aureus toxin-induced syndrome marked by fever, hypotension, organ failure, and rash (desquamation—especially palms and soles)
What is Trousseau’s syndrome?
Syndrome of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) associated with carcinoma
What is Zollinger–Ellison syndrome?
Gastrinoma and PUD
