Common ST Lesions in Children Flashcards
What are the main effects associated with ankyloglossia for newborns?
- Breast feeding difficulties
- Restriction of tongue movt (ice cream, wind instrument)
What is the treatment for ankyloglossia?
Frenotomy for newborns w breastfeeding problems
What are some examples of palatal cysts of newborn and where are they usually found?
- Bohn’s nodules (on palate)
- Epstein pearls (mid-palatal raphe)
What is the treatment for palatal cysts of the newborn?
No treatment, spontaneously rupture & involute within few months
What is an eruption cyst?
Soft tissue swelling over crown of erupting tooth, originating from REE
What is the clinical presentation of an eruption cyst?
- Sessile, dodome-shaped, translucent swelling
- Soft, fluctuant
- Pink/blue (if traumatised => filled w blood)
- Location: overlying erupting tooth
- Painless, unless infected
What is the management for eruption cyst?
No tx, will burst spontaneously as tooth erupts
- If failure to resolve/cause discomfort: removal of roof of cyst to encourage eruption
What is infantile hemangioma?
Vascular tumor due to rapid endothelial cell proliferation in early infancy (3-5 months)
F>M
What is the difference between vascular malformations and vascular tumors (infantile hemangioma)?
- Infantile hemangioma involute over time while vascular malformations do not – they enlarge proportionately w growth of child
What are the classifications of types of vascular malformations?
Low flow: capillary, venous, lymphatic
High flow: arteriovenous
What syndrome is associated with vascular malformations?
Sturge-Weber syndrome
What is the clinical description of lymphangioma?
- Pebbly surface resembling “frog eggs” or sago
- 40-50% of cases on tongue
What is the tx for lymphangioma?
Observation, usually no surgery
What is the clinical presentation of benign migratory glossitis (geographic tongue?
- Multiple oval/circular red patches
- Surrounded by white, slightly elevated border
- Atrophy/loss of filiform papillae
- Pattern changes
- Seen on tongue, labial & buccal mucosa and vermillion border of lip
What is the treatment for benign migratory glossitis?
No tx. Avoid spicy foods – may feel burning sensation
What is congenital epulis?
- Fibro-epithelial lesion arising from mesenchymal cells
- Present at birth
- F > M (90% in females)
Where is congenital epulis commonly found?
Max anterior alveolar ridge (area of
developing lateral incisor & canine)
What is the treatment for congenital epulis?
Occasional spontaneous regression
If no regression, surgical excision under GA
Recurrence unlikely
What is the clinical presentation of leukoedema?
- Diffuse, filmy white wrinkled mucosa due to intracellular oedema of superficial epithelial cell
- Disappears when stretched
- Location: bilateral buccal mucosa
- Asymptomatic
What is the timeline of clinical presentation of Primary Herpes Gingivostomatitis?
Timeline (incubation 5-7 days before)
- Day -2 to 0: prodromal symptoms – fever, malaise, nausea
- Day 1 to 4: vesicles that can rupture → ulceration, fever ↓
- Day 5: start to feel better
- Day 10 to 14: resolution
Where do the vesicles of primary herpes gingivostomatitis usually form?
Keratinised & non-keratinised gingiva
(Secondary only keratinised mucosa)
What is the treatment for primary herpes gingivostomatitis?
- Self-limiting, resolves in 1-2 weeks
- Symptomatic care: anti-pyretic & analgesic
- Hydration & nutrition: encourage fluid intake, cool foods/drinks, soft diet
- Anti-virals (e.g acyclovir): within 72h for severe/immunocompromised cases
Which viruses causes HFMD?
Coxsackie A16, Enterovirus 71
What are the clinical manifestations of HFMD?
- Prodromal symptoms (flu-like): fever, anorexia, malaise
- Oral lesions: multiple widespread shallow ulcers
- Skin lesions: non-pruritic macules, papules, vesicles on
extensor surfaces of hands & feet
