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Paeds > Common Soft Tissue Lesion in Children > Flashcards

Common Soft Tissue Lesion in Children Flashcards

1
Q

Demographics of Leukoedema

A

1st and 2nd decades

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2
Q

Clinical Findings of Leukoedema

A
  1. Diffuse, filmy white, wrinkled mucosa, bilateral
  2. Diffuse when tissue is stretched
  3. Asymptomatic
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3
Q

Treatment of Leukoedema

A

None

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4
Q

What is ankyloglossia caused by?

A

Abnormally short and anteriorly positioned lingual frenum that may result in restricted tongue movements

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5
Q

Effects of Ankyloglossia

A
  1. Breastfeeding difficulties
  2. Speech
  3. Restriction of tongue movement
  4. Gingival recession
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6
Q

Treatment of Ankyloglossia

A

Frenectomy shortly after birth if breastfeeding problems or after evaluation with speech therapist

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7
Q

How to perform a frenectomy?

A

Place thumb between FOM and tongue, cut with very sharp scissors 3mm

2-3 drops of glucose spikes baby endorphin to lessen the pain

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8
Q

What are the palatal cysts of newborn?

A

Epstein’s pearls midline and Bohn’s nodules scattered over the palate

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9
Q

Treatment of Developmental Cysts of Newborn

A

No treatment, spontaneously rupture and involute within few months

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10
Q

Clinical Features of Dental Lamina Cysts

A
  1. From dental lamina remnants
  2. Crest of ridge
  3. White nodule: 2mm
  4. Single to multiple
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11
Q

What is an Eruption Cyst?

A

Dental follicle expanded through alveolus causing soft tissue swelling over crown of erupting tooth

Usually burst spontaneously -> Normal eruption

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12
Q

What is the management if eruption cyst fail to resolve?

A

Elliptical excision of overlying mucosa and cyst wall to encourage eruption

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13
Q

What is infantile hemangioma caused by?

A

Rapid endothelial cell proliferation in early infancy (1st 3-5months) followed by involution over time

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14
Q

Treatment of Hemangioma

A

Benign and self-limited but can cause complication e.g. ulceration or life-altering disfigurement

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15
Q

Classification of Vascular Malformations

A

Low (capillary, venous, lymphatic, combination)

High (arterial, arteriovenous flow)

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16
Q

Features of Vascular Malformations

A
  1. Present at birth
  2. Do not involute spontaneously unlike infantile hemangioma
  3. Enlarge proportionately with the growth of the child
  4. Trauma, puberty, and pregnancy can cause accelerated growth
  5. No gender predilection
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17
Q

Treatment of Vascular Malformations

A

Pump sclerotic agent into vessel, 2 stops (one at start and one at end) then cut out the isolated section

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18
Q

Features of Lymphatic malformations

A
  1. 50% presented at birth,90% diagnosed by aged 2 years old
  2. Tongue> Buccal mucosa
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19
Q

What is a Cystic Hygroma?

A

Dilated malformed lymphatic channel or cysts of varying sizes

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20
Q

Etiology of Benign Migratory Glossitis

A

Immune mediated

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21
Q

Demographics of Benign Migratory Glossitis

A

1st and 2nd decade

Female predilection

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22
Q

Clinical Presentation of Benign Migratory Glossitis

A
  1. Multiple circular red patches with thickened white border
  2. Loss of filiform papillae,
  3. Pattern changes
  4. May be tender

Location: Labial/buccal mucosa, tongue and vermillion border of lip

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23
Q

Mangement of Benign Migratory Glossitis

A

No treatment, Avoid spicy foods

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24
Q

What is a Congenital Epulis of Newborn?

A

Fibro-epithelial lesion arising from mesenchymal cells on alveolar ridge

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25
Q

Demographics of Congenital Epulis of Newborn

A

90% females, present at birth

26
Q

Etiology of Congenital Epulis of Newborn

A

Hormonal influence

27
Q

Clinical Features of Congenital Epulis of Newborn

A

Firm pedunculated/sessile alveolar mass

28
Q

Region of Congenital Epulis of Newborn

A

Maxillary lateral incisor/ canine

29
Q

Treatment of Congenital Epulis of Newborn

A

Excision

Occasional spontaneous regression

30
Q

Timeline of Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis

A

5-7 days of Incubation

1-2 days of prodromal symptoms: fever, malaise, headache and nausea

Vesiculation -> Ulceration -> Symptoms decrease on 6th day

Resolve in 10-14 days

31
Q

Treatment of Primary HSV

A
  1. Symptomatic care: anti-pyretic and analgesic
  2. Encourage oral fluids to prevent dehydration
  3. 0.2% chlorhexidine swab
  4. Acyclovir within 72 hours of infection for severe cases or immunosuppressed patients
32
Q

Clinical Manifestations of HFMD

A
  1. Low-grade fever, anorexia, malaise
  2. Widespread shallow ulcers
  3. Macules, papules, vesicles on extensor surfaces of hands and feet
  4. High contagious but resolves 7-10 days

Resembles herpangina but may not localised to posterior area of oral cavity

33
Q

Which viruses are associated with HFMD?

A

Coxsackie A16, Enterovirus 71

34
Q

Management of HFMD

A

Self-limiting

35
Q

HPV types associated with Oral Warts

A

HPV 6 and 11

36
Q

HPV types associated with cancer

A

Types 16 and 18

37
Q

Oral lesions associated with HPV

A
  1. Squamous papilloma
  2. Verruca vulgaris
  3. Condyloma acuminatum
38
Q

Management of Human Papilloma Virus

A

Excisional biopsy except for Heck Disease

39
Q

Superficial Fungal Infections in Children

A
  1. Pseudomembranous candidiasis
  2. Angular cheilitis
  3. Median rhomboid glossitis
40
Q

Treatment for Superficial Fungal Infections

A
  1. Anti-fungal therapy: Nystatin, clotrimazole
  2. Maintain proper OH
  3. Wash feeding utensils carefully after meal and store in antiseptic solution
  4. Identify underlying cause if suspected
41
Q

What are the impacts of Immunosuppression on infections?

A

Atypical lesions and systemic spread of infection

42
Q

Clinical Presentations of Reactive Lesions

A

Epithelial thickening (like a keloid), sloughing, erosion, ulcer, growth, pigmentation

43
Q

Reactive Lesions are caused by?

A

Trauma (Physical, chemical, thermal), foreign body, medications, autoimmune/immune-mediated

44
Q

Demographics of Linea Alba

A

1st and 2nd decades

45
Q

Clinical significance of Linea Alba

A
  1. White smooth to shaggy line
  2. Bilateral coincides with place of occlusion, may be scalloped
46
Q

Demographics of Recurrent Apthous Stomatitis

A
  1. 1st and 2nd decade
  2. Female predilection
46
Q

Etiology of RAS

A
  1. Immune-mediated
  2. Stress, trauma, allergies, nutritional deficiencies, genetic disposition
46
Q

Types of RAS

A
  1. Minor
  2. Major
  3. Herpetiform
47
Q
A
47
Q
A
48
Q

Clinical Presentation of RAS

A

All areas except attached gingiva, vermillion of lips, hard palate

49
Q

Treatment of RAS

A
  1. Symptomatic treatment
  2. Topical steroids
  3. Eliminate triggering events
50
Q

What is Erythema Multiforme?

A

Type II Hypersensitivity

Blistering, ulcerative mucocutaneous condition of uncertain aetiopathogenesis

51
Q

What triggers Erythema Multiforme?

A

Preceding infection in 50% of cases: HSV, mycoplasma pneumonia

52
Q

Clinical Presentation of Erythema Multiforme

A
  1. Acute onset
  2. Prodromal S&S common 1 week before onset
  3. Self limiting: 2-6 weeks
  4. Recurrent in 20% of patients
  5. Start as erythematous patches -> Large shallow erosions and ulcerations with irregular borders
  6. Appear as target lesions on skin
53
Q

Treatment of Erythema Multiforme

A

Steroids

54
Q

Prophylaxis for Erythema Multiforme

A

Antiviral prophylaxis

55
Q

Etiology of Gingival Enlargements?

A
  1. Inflammation
  2. Medication-induced
  3. Developmental: Hereditary gingival fibromatosis
  4. Systemic causes: Hormonal changes, malignancies, granulomatous diseases
56
Q

Neoplastic Lesions in Children

A
  1. Neuroectodermal tumour of infancy: Expansile lesion of alveolus
  2. AML: Leukemic infiltrates of gingiva
57
Q

Treatment of Neuroectodermal tumour of infancy

A

Excision

15-20% recurrence rate

1% malignant

58
Q

Radiographic Features of Neuroectodermal Tumour of Infancy

A

Poorly circumscribed radiolucency with floating teeth

Paeds (10 decks)

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