Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

DERM > COMMON SKIN DISORDERS & INFECTIONS > Flashcards

COMMON SKIN DISORDERS & INFECTIONS Flashcards

1
Q
  • inflammation of pilosebaceous units of certain body parts
A

acne vulgaris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

sebaceous glands - help hydrate the skin - also aid in __________________

A

thermoregulation

allows sweat to stick to us instead of rolling off - to help us cool down when too hot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

acne occurs more often in ___________ during adolescence

A

males

o Age of onset = boys/girls going through puberty (starts around 12)
o Occurs more in males than females during adolescence
o Adult acne more prevalent in women
o acne should start “burning out” by late 20’s into 30’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

4 factors involved in the pathogenesis of acne

A

follicular hyperkeratinization
increased sebum production
Propionibacterium acnes within the follicle
inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

bacteria that causes acne

A

Propionibacterium acnes

normal bacteria on our skin, but with excess sebum –> plugged up follicle with bacteria –> acne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

___________ are what kick off the sebaceous glands -> increased sebum production

A

androgens (DHEA)

precursor to testosterone

DHEA = what increases sebum production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

___________ in the sebum is what bacteria thrives on

A

triglycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

PATHOGENESIS OF ACNE

A

Androgens cause increased sebum production & abnormal follicular desquamation
o seborrhea
o follicular desquamation

  • which lead to altered follicular milieu –>

Propionibacterium acnes colonization & proliferation –> inflammation

hormones & p. acnes bacteria present

1) accumulation of dead skin cells filled with keratin & sebum from sebaceous gland
2) bacteria colonizes and eats excess sebum; chemicals released into bloodstream
3) bacteria proliferation / WBCs accumulate
4) marked inflammation & scarring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

clinical presentation & skin lesions of acne

A

CLINICAL PRESENTATION
lesions on the skin - inflammation
pain

SKIN LESIONS INCLUDE

  • comedones (open / closed)
  • papules & papulopustules
  • nodules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

open comedone = _____________

closed comedone = __________

A 
open = blackhead
closed = whitehead
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

diagnosis of acne

A
  • clinical
- for female patients who have dysmenorrhea or hirsutism
o free / total testosterone
o DHEA - S
o FSH
o LH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

diagnosis of acne for female patients who have dysmenorrhea or hirsutism

A

o free / total testosterone
o DHEA - S
o FSH
o LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

1st line treatment for acne

A

retinoids

Adapalene (Differin): best tolerated –OTC now
Tretinoin (Retin-A)
Tazarotene (Tazorac)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

2nd line treatment for acne

A

topical antibiotics

clindamycin
erythromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

treatment for acne

A

OTC
benzoyl peroxide
salicylic acid

1st line = Topical retinoids: Adapalene (Differin) = best tolerated; Tretinoin (Retin-A), Tazarotene (Tazorac)

2nd line = topical antibiotics: Clindamycin, Erythromycin
- for moderate to severe acne = Doxycycline or Minocycline (Minocin)

For severe acne and/or treatment failure = Isotretinoin (accutane) - must go through IPLEDGE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

After individual treatment goals have been met, oral antibiotics can be discontinued and replaced with ________________

A

topical retinoids for maintenance therapy

retinoids help to ALTER THE PILOSEBACEOUS GLANDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The use of isotretinoin has been suggested to worsen _________ and increase the risk of ________

A

depression

suicide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Laboratory monitoring during isotretinoin therapy includes:

A

CBC
Lipids
LFTs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  • increased reactivity of capillaries to heat

Chronic acneiform disorder of facial pilosebaceous units

A

rosacea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

rosacea onset:

predominantly affects

A
  • onset: 30-50 years old

- predominantly affects females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

exacerbating rosacea factors

A 
hot liquids
spicy foods
alcohol
exposure to sun & heat
exercise
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

clinical presentation of rosacea

A
  • redness to cheeks, nose and chin
  • burning or stinging with episodes
  • skin dryness, edema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

4 subtypes of rosacea

A

erythematotelangiectatic rosacea
papulopustular rosacea
phymatous rosacea (large nose)
ocular rosacea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

1st line therapy for mild to moderate patient with rosacea

A

topical antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
rosacea treatment
- minimize precipitating factors - TOPICAL ANTIBIOTICS = 1st line therapy for mild to moderate patient use gel or creams Azelaic acid Metronidazole - most common Erythromycin Clindamycin Brimonidine = best for facial flushing / persistent redness Topical Ivermectin cream = for ppl who get rosacea due to being immunologically sensitive to mites SYSTEMIC ANTIBIOTICS = for mod/severe rosacea ⦁ Tetracycline ⦁ Doxycycline / Minocycline ⦁ Erythromycin
26
most common treatment for rosacea
metronidazole (cream or gel)
27
other treatment considerations for rosacea
⦁ laser tx - can be helpful for telangiectasias ⦁ pulsed light therapy for facial erythema ⦁ cleansers ⦁ photodynamic therapy
28
complications of rosacea
⦁ eye involvement ⦁ gram negative folliculitis ⦁ permanent telangiectasias ⦁ rhinophyma
29
MOST COMMON PATHOGEN FOR FOLLICULITIS
STAPH AUREUS
30
"hot tub" folliculitis caused by
pseudomonas
31
folliculitis symptoms
⦁ looks like red pimples with hair in the center ⦁ may itch or burn ⦁ "hot tub" folliculitis appears about 72hrs after
32
recurrent folliculitis is associated with nasal carriage of
staph try mupirocin in nares
33
Antibiotic therapy, corticosteroid therapy, and immunosuppression may predispose a patient to
candida folliculitis
34
- "razor bumps"
pseudofolliculitis - very common in african americans - occurs when free ends of tightly coiled hairs re-enter skin and cause foreign body inflammatory response - firm papules with embedded hair
35
extrafollicular vs intrafollicular penetration
⦁ extrafollicular penetration = curly hair coming out and coming back into the hair = more common ⦁ intrafollicular penetration = hair grows out of a different spot - out of the follicle
36
1st line treatment for pseudofolliculitis
stop shaving
37
treatment for pseudofolliculitis
⦁ Most effective and safe is stop shaving (first line) ⦁ Laser hair removal ⦁ Adjunctive medical therapy - Topical retinoids (Tretinoin) - Low potency topical corticosteroids (treat only for 3-4 weeks) - Topical antimicrobials (benzoyl peroxide 5% or clindamycin 1%)
38
boils or skin abscesses
furuncles
39
furuncles = boils or skin abscesses caused by _______ infection of hair follicle
STAPH
40
cluster of furuncles
carbuncles
41
common areas of furuncles / carbuncles
``` ⦁ buttocks ⦁ axillae ⦁ neck ⦁ face ⦁ waist ```
42
furuncle / carbuncle treatment
< 5 cm - hot compresses to enhance drainage - fluctuant lesions = I&D (may have to pack wound) > 5cm = systemic antibiotics of constitutional symptoms or concomitant cellulitis - Bactrim - Clinda + Keflex
43
impetigo most common pathogens
strep or staph
44
impetigo tx
mupirocin (Bactroban)
45
IMPETIGO
- red lesions that can break open/ooze --> develop YELLOW-BROWN CRUST = HONEY COLORED - sores = usually appear around mouth & nose - can spread to others through close contact or by sharing items like towels and toys - scratching can also spread it to other parts of the body
46
MOLES
- well defined borders - uniform in color - usually brown or black - can be anywhere on the body, alone or in groups - generally appear before age 20 Some moles change slowly over the years: become raised, develop hair, change color, etc. - Most are non-cancerous, but some moles have a higher risk of becoming cancerous Biopsy the mole if does not meet ABCDE criteria, or if mole becomes itchy, bleeds or ulcerates Treatment = remove with shave biopsy or excision
47
1st line treatment for SLs
cryotherapy
48
solar lentigo treatment
⦁ cryotherapy = 1st line ⦁ laser treatments ⦁ tretinoin cream or hydroquinone cream (lightens) ⦁ modified Kligman (fluocinolone / hydroquinone / tretinoin) ⦁ bleaching solutions / chemical peels
49
appearance of SKs
Well-circumscribed gray-brown-to-black plaques with a “stuck-on” appearance Warty often scaly hyperpigmented lesion
50
SK treatment
- don't require treatment unless causing discomfort or for cosmetic reasons ⦁ cryotherapy ⦁ curettage & cautery ⦁ laser surgery ⦁ shave biopsy ⦁ send any suspicious looking lesions for pathology
51
AKs
- Rough, dry, scaly patch or growth that forms on the skin - Extremely common, occurs in sun exposed areas - More common in fair-skinned individuals ``` SYMPTOMS ⦁ Rough feeling patch on skin ⦁ Rough patch that feels painful when rubbed ⦁ Itching or burning ⦁ Lips feel constantly dry ```
52
causes of AKs
sun exposure | tanning beds
53
AK treatment
o nonhypertrophic = LN2 o Hypertrophic = surgical curettage (send these to pathology) o multiple AKs = Efudex or Imiquimod (aldara)
54
triggers for melasma
⦁ Sun exposure ⦁ Change in hormones ⦁ Cosmetics
55
MELASMA
- Tan or brown patches on the cheeks, nose, forehead, and chin. - Melasma occurs in half of all women during pregnancy. - Usually called "pregnancy mask," men can also develop it. - More often in women and people with darker skin
56
diagnosis of melasma
- clinical | - biopsy
57
1st line melasma treatment
hydroquinone
58
melasma treatment
⦁ Will usually go away on own ⦁ Hydroquinone (first line) ⦁ Tretinoin and corticosteroids (second line)
59
2nd line melasma treatment
tretinoin & corticosteroids
60
superficial fungal infection caused by DERMATOPHYTES - most commonly the TRICHOPHYTON TYPE
TINEA
61
TINEA = superficial fungal infection caused by ___________- most commonly the ________TYPE
DERMATOPHYTES TRICHOPHYTON
62
TINEA TYPES
``` Capitis Corporis Pedis Cruris Versicolor ```
63
Gradual appearance of round patches of dry scale, alopecia, or both on scalp
tinea capitis
64
tinea capitis diagnosis
- clinical - wet mount - KOH - woods lamp
65
tinea capitis treatment
- griseofulvin (kids) - terbinafine (adults) - selenium sulfide shampoo
66
cause of tinea corporis
trichophyton rubrum
67
tinea corporis
"ringworm" Dermatophytosis that causes pink-to-red O-shaped patches and plaques. Crusty ring with central clearing.
68
tinea corporis treatment
- clotrimazole - miconazole - ketoconazole for extensive or resistant lesions = Oral Itraconazole or Terbinafine
69
most common dermatophytosis
tinea pedis
70
4 forms of tinea pedis
Chronic hyperkeratotic = most common Chronic intertriginous Acute ulcerative Vesiculobullous
71
treatment for tinea pedis
⦁ topical / oral antifungals - Itraconazole (sporanox) - moisture reduction & drying agents ⦁ miconazole powder ⦁ burrow solution soaks - aluminum acetate - dries it out
72
risk factors for tinea cruris
⦁ Warm weather ⦁ Wet restrictive clothing ⦁ Obesity
73
tinea cruris & treatment
Lesions are pruritic ringed lesions that extend from crural fold over adjacent upper thigh Treatment ⦁ Clotrimazole ⦁ Ketoconazole
74
Skin infection from Malassezia furfur | Manifest as multiple asymptomatic scaly patches varying in color
tinea versicolor
75
tinea versicolor is due to the overgrowth of the yeast _______________
Malassezia furfur
76
risk factors for tinea versicolor
Heat & humidity Pregnancy Diabetes undernutrition
77
fifth's disease caused by
parvovirus "slapped cheek" disease
78
fifth's disease rash
Bright red raised rash on the face, then arms, legs and trunk Flu-like symptoms Rash usually goes away within 2 weeks, fades from the center outward causing a blotchy or “lacy” look
79
5ths disease treatment
NSAIDS for symptomatic relief
80
5ths disease complications
pregnancy: Can cause the baby to develop severe anemia and miscarriage or stillbirth
81
hand-foot-mouth disease caused by
Coxsackie virus A16
82
hand-foot-mouth disease
This common, contagious childhood illness starts with a ⦁ Fever ⦁ Painful mouth sores ⦁ Non-pruritic rash with blisters on hands, feet, and sometimes buttocks and legs that follow It spreads through coughing, sneezing, so wash hands often when dealing with coxsackie.
83
treatment for hand/foot/mouth
Home treatment includes ibuprofen or acetaminophen (do not give aspirin to children) and fluids. It will typically resolve in 7-10 days
84
SCARLATINA CAUSED BY
GROUP A STREP (like erysipelas)
85
strawberry tongue
scarlatina
86
scarlatina rash
``` fine, red, and rough-textured appears 12–48 hours after the fever generally starts on the chest, armpits, and behind the ears spares the face Swollen red tongue (strawberry tongue) ```
87
if scarletina is left untreated, may develop into
⦁ rheumatic fever ⦁ glomerulonephritis ⦁ meningitis ⦁ pneumonia
88
treatment for scarletina
1st line = PCN | 2nd line = 1st gen cephalosporin
89
ROSEOLA SYMPTOMS
⦁ respiratory illness, followed by a HIGH FEVER x 3-5 days (which can trigger seizures) ⦁ fever abruptly ends, and is followed by a rash on the trunk which then spreads to extremities this rash blanches!
90
cause of roseola
HH6
91
roseola treatment
supportive
92
HEAT RASH (MILIARIA)
- occurs as a result of blocked sweat ducts - looks like small red or pink pimples TX = benign & does NOT require treatment often caused when parents dress babies too warmly, but can happen to any infant in very hot weather. A baby should be dressed as lightly as an adult who is resting
93
miliaria treatment
``` benign & does NOT require treatment ⦁ Keep skin cool and dry ⦁ Cool down ⦁ Dry off ⦁ Reduce friction ⦁ Treat fever ```
94
heat rash more likely to occur in which locations
``` ⦁ Neck ⦁ Groin ⦁ Underneath the breasts ⦁ In creases of elbows ⦁ Armpits ```
95
small flap of flesh-colored or slightly darker tissue that hangs off the skin by a connecting stalk
skin tag

DERM (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions