Common Skin Disorders Infections Flashcards
Acne Vulgaris:
- what is this?
- may manifest in what forms?
- MC in what ages?
- pathogenesis
What: inflammation if pilosebaceous units of certain body parts.
Manifest as comedones, papulopustules, or nodules plus cyst
MC in males 14-19 and females 10-17YO
Pathogenesis:
- follicular hyperkeratinization, increased sebum production, propionibacterium acnes within the follicle, inflammation
- figure1 describes it as:
- plugged hair follicle
- accumulation of skin and sebum in hair follicle
- immune response to bacteria proliferation
- inflammation
Acne Vulgaris:
- clinical presentation
- describe grade I - IV
- dx
- tx
Clinical presentation:
- painful skin lesions
- comedones, papules/papulopustules, nodules
Grade I: minimal black heads and a few papules
GradeII: 10 or more blackheads, papules, pustules.
GradeIII: 15-20+ blackheads, papules, pustules
GradeIV:extreme amount of pustules and edema.
Dx: clinical
Tx:
- Benzoyl peroxide
- salicyclic acid
- Topical retinoids: Adapalene (differin; best tolerated), Tretinoin (retin-A), Tazarotene (Tazorac)
- Abx: clinda or erythromycin
Oral: doxy or minocycline
Oral isotretinoin (ACCUTANE)
Rosacea:
- what is this?
- exacerbating factors
- clinical presentation
- what are the 4 subtypes?
- tx
what: chronic acneform disorder of facial pilosebaceous units
Exacerbating factors:
-hot liquids, spicy foods alcohol, exposure to heat and sun
Clinical presentation:
- redness to cheeks, nose, and chin
- burning or stinging episodes
4 subtypes:
- erythematotelangiectatic rosacea
- papulopstular rosacea
- phymatous rosacea
- ocular rosacea
Tx:
- minimize precipitating factors
- topical abx are first line therapy
- -azalaic acid
- -metronidazole
- -erythromycin
- -clindamycin
- -brimonidine
- systemic abx:
- -tetracycline
- -DOXY./minocycline
- -erythromycin
Laser tx may be helpful for telangiectasias
pulse light therapy for facial erythema
cleansers
photodynamic therapy
Folliculitis:
- what is this?
- MC bugs
- sx
- tx
What: infection of hair follicles
MC bugs:
- Staph aureus
- hot tub caused by pseudomonas
- may be yeast, but rare.
Sx:
- look like red pimples with hair in center
- may itch or burn
Tx:
- warm compress 3x daily
- shaving avoided in these areas
- topical abx such as mupirocin (bactroban)
- most resolve spontaneously
Pseudobarbae folliculitis:
- aka
- what is this?
- dx
- tx
aka: razor bumps
What: occurs when free ends of tightly coiled hairs re-enter skin and cause a FB inflamm response.
dx: clinical
tx:
- stop shaving
- laser hair removal
- topical retinoids
- low potency corticosteroids
- topical antimicrobials
- warm compress
- remove ingrown hair with needle or tweezers.
Tx of Furunlces/carbuncles
FURUNCLE: (abscess from infected hair follicle)
CARBUNCLE (cluster of furuncles)
- hot compress to enhance drainaige
- I&D
- -packing of the wound
- systemic abx if constitutional sx or concomitant cellulitis greater than 5cm.
- *Bactrim, clinda, or cephalexin
Impetigo:
- Cause
- describe the lesion
- location of lesions?
- transmission
- tx
Cause: staphylococcal or streptococcal
Lesion: red lesions that break open and ooze, develop a yellow-brown** crust (honey colored)
Location:
-sores usually appear around the mouth and nose
Transmission:
- can spread to others through close contact or by sharing items like towels and toys
- scratching can spread to other body parts.
Tx:
-bactroban
Moles:
- describe this lesion
- -border
- -color
- -location
- dx
- tx
well defined borders, uniform color, usually brown, black, located anywhere on the body
*may become raised, develop hair, and/or change color
Dx:
-bx; ABCDE
(e - evolution
Tx: removal with shaving or excision
Solar Lentigo
- describe the lesion
- MC location
- Tx
Lesion:
-flat brown areas of skin that can be up to one inch in diameter.
MC location: sun exposure areas such as the hands, face, and arms.
Tx:
- cryotherapy
- tretinoin cream hydroquinone
- triple combination cream (fluocinolone acetonide, hydroquinone, tretinoin)
- bleaching tolutions and chemical peals
Seborrheic keratosis
- describe that lesion
- tx
Description
- well circumscribed gray-brown-to black plaques with a “stuck-on” appearance.
- warty
- often scaly
- hyperpigmented
- Tx:
- cryotherapy
- currettage and cautery
- laser surgery
- shave bx
Actinic Keratosis:
- describe that lesion!
- sx
- cause
- tx
Lesion:
- rough, dry, scaly patch or growth
- precancerous (squamous cell carcinoma)
Sx:
- may itch or burn
- lips feel constantly dry
Cause:
-sun exposure/tanning beds
Tx:
- nonhypertrophic: liquid nitrogen cryotherapy
- hypertrophic: surgical curettage
- multiple: 5-FU or imiquimod
Melasma
- describe that lesion
- triggers
- dx
- tx
Lesion: tan or brown patches ont he cheeks, nose, forehead, and chin.
Triggers:
- pregnancy
- sun exposure
- change in hormones
- cosmetics
Dx:
- clinical
- bx
Tx:
- usually goes away on own
- hydroquionone (1st line)
- tretinoin and corticosteroids (2nd line)
Tinea (Ringworm)
- types
- MC cause
Types:
- capitis
- corporis
- pedis
- cruris
- versicolor
MC cause is tricophyton rubrum.
Tinea Capitis:
- describe that lesion
- dx
- tx
Lesion: round patches of dry scale, alopecia
Dx:
- clinical
- wet mount
- woods lamp
Tx:
- oral antifungals (griseofulvin or terbinafine)
- selenium sulfide shampoo
Tinea corporis:
- describe that lesion
- tx
Lesion: pink-red O shaped patches and plaques
Tx: Imidazole or PO Itraconazole
