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TOP 300 drugs - NAPLEX > Common Skin Conditions > Flashcards

Common Skin Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Aloe

A

Natural product made from aloe vera plant
Used for sunburn, psoriasis
Provides a soothing effect

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2
Q

Tea Tree Oil

A

Used for acne

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3
Q

Lysine

A

Used for cold sore (Herpes simplex labialis) prevention & treatment

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4
Q

Topical vitamin D

A

Used for diaper rash & psoriasis

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5
Q

Drugs that cause brown discoloration/secretions

A

Entacapone
Levodopa
Methyldopa

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6
Q

Drugs that cause Brown/Black/Green discoloration/secretions

A

Iron (black stool)

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6
Q

Drug that causes Brown/Yellow discoloration/secretions

A

Nitrofurantoin

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6
Q

Drug that causes orange/yellow discoloration/secretions

A

Sulfasalazine

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6
Q

Drug that causes yellow/green discoloration/secretions

A

Propofol

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6
Q

Drugs that cause Red/Orange discoloration/secretions

A

Phenazopyridine
Rifampin (Rifadine)

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6
Q

Drug that causes red discoloration/secretions

A

Anthracyclines

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7
Q

Drug that causes blue discoloration/secretions

A

Methylene blue
Mitoxantrone

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7
Q

Drug that causes Blue/Gray discoloration/secretions

A

Amiodarone

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7
Q

What are the primary determinants of acne?

A

Androgens
Bacteria (Cutibacterium acnes, formerly known as propionibacterium acnes)
Fatty acids (Sebum present in oil (sebaceous) glands

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7
Q

Acne: Treatment (general)

A

OTC benzoyl peroxide & salicylic acid
Retinoids
Topical/Systemic steroids
Antibiotics
Systemic isotretinoin

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7
Q

Retinoids MoA

A

Vit A derivatives
Reduce adherence of keratinocytes in the oil gland

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8
Q

Retinoids: contraindication

A

Teratogenic
Pregnancy/Lactation

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8
Q

Retinoids: administration

A

Daily at night with pea-sized amount
Can decrease to every other night if irritation occurs
Moisturizer, followed by sunscreen should be applied every morning

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8
Q

How does it take for retinoids to work?

A

4-12 weeks
Acne may worsen initially

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8
Q

Oral retinoid (Isotretinoin): use

A

Severe, recalcitrant nodular acne

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9
Q

Isotretinoin: required testing

A

Pregnancy
Cholesterol

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9
Q

Clascoterone

A

Topical androgen receptor inhibitor
For 12+ years old

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9
Q

Mild acne: 1st line treatment

A

Topicals: BPO or retinoid OR
Topicals: combination

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10
Q

Topical combination therapy includes

A

BPO + topical antibiotic, BPO + retinoid or BPO + retinoid + topical antibiotic

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10
Q

Moderate acne: first line treatment

A

Topicals: combination OR
PO antibiotic + BPO + topical retinoid (+/- topical abx)

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11
Q

Severe acne: first-line treatment

A

Topicals: combination + PO abx OR
PO isotretinoin

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11
Q

Topical Retinoids: examples

A

Tertinoin (Atralin, Renova, Retin-A, Retin-A micro, Altreno)
Adapalene (Differin)

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11
Q

Advantage of Retin-A micro

A

Provides slower release, allowing for less irritation

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12
Q

Topical retinoids: counseling points

A

Limit sun exposure
Apply daily at HS, 20 minutes after washing face
Irritation? dec. strength or switch to every other night
Smooth a pea-sized amount all over the face, not JUST on the acne
Wash with only mild soap BID
Takes 4-12 wks to work, may worsen initially

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13
Q

What patients do you want to avoid dapsone gel in?

A

G6PD deficiency

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14
Q

Clascoterone: warning

A

HPA axis suppression

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15
Q

Isotretinoin & pregnancy

A

2 negative pregnancy tests prior
Do not get pregnant 1 month before or 1 month after
Do not breastfeed until atleast 1 month after drug stopped
Pregnancy test repeated monthly, 2 forms of birth control required

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16
Q

Isotertinoin: ADRs

A

Dry skin, chapped lips, dry eyes/eye irritation

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17
Q

Cold sores: cause

A

HSV-1
Spreads from active lesions, kissing, sharing drinks

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18
Q

Cold sores: ideal time to start treatment

A

Prodromal period It precedes sore eruption

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19
Q

Drugs for cold sores

A

Docosanol (abreva) - OTC: 5x/day at first sign of outbreak
Zovirax (Rx): 5x/day x4 days (Can use on genitals)

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20
Q

Drugs for dandruff

A

Ketoconazole 1% (Nizoral-AD) - OTC
Selenium sulfide (Selsun) - OTC
Pyrithione zinc (Head & Shoulders) - OTC
Coal tar shampoo (T/Gel) - OTC
Ketoconazole 2% (Nizoral) - Rx

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21
Q

Medical conditions that cause alopecia

A

Hypothyroidism
Zinc & Vit D deficiency

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22
Q

Drugs that cause alopecia

A

Chemotherapeutics
Valproate
Tacrolimus
Heparin

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23
Q

Drugs for alopecia

A

Propecia 1mg daily (takes 3 months to see results)
Baricitinib - causes serious infections, malignancy, and thrombosis
Rogaine
Bimatoprost (Latisse) - for hypotricosis

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24
Q

Eczema: presentation

A

Skin rashes which become crusty & scaly
Rash is itchy, red, dry & sore

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25
Q

Eczema: non-pharm approaches

A

Hydration & moisturizers

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26
Q

Eczema: drug for itching

A

Antihistamines

27
Q

Eczema: treatments

A

Topical steroids (PO PRN)
Calcineurin inhibitors

28
Q

Topical calcineurin inhibitors: age limit

A

do not use in < 2 yrs. Risk of lymphomas & skin cancer

29
Q

Tinea pedis

A

Athletes foot

30
Q

Tinea corporis

A

Ring worm

31
Q

Tinea cruris

A

Jock itch

32
Q

Tinea pedis: symptoms

A

feet itching, peeling, redness, mild burning

33
Q

Tinea pedis: common infection places

A

Public pools, showers, locker rooms

34
Q

Tinea cruris affects where?

A

genitals, inner thighs, buttocks

35
Q

Tinea cruris: presentation

A

rash that is red, itchy and ring-shaped

36
Q

Tinea corporis: presentation

A

circular, red, flat sores with dry, scaly skin.
Occasionally, ring is not present, just itchy, red skin. Outer part can be raised while the skin in the middle appears normal

37
Q

Tinea capitis

A

“ringworm” on the scalp

38
Q

Funal infection treatments: counseling points

A

Don’t barefoot with foot infection
Apply meds 1-2 inches beyond the rash
use for 2-4 weeks, even if it appears to be healed
Reduce moisture to affected area

39
Q

Terbinafine: brand name

A

Lamisil AT

40
Q

Butenafine: brand name

A

Lotrimin ultra

41
Q

Clotrimazole: brand name

A

Lotrimin AF

42
Q

Miconazole: brand name

A

Lotrimin AF

43
Q

Tolnaftate: brand names

A

Tinactin

44
Q

Betamethasone/Clotrimazole

A

Lotrisone

45
Q

Ketoconazole: brand name (cream)

A

Extina

46
Q

Undecylenic acid: brand names

A

Toelieva

47
Q

When to refer pts to physicians for vaginal infections

A

> 4 infections in a year OR
Symptoms recur within 2 weeks

48
Q

Onychomycosis: treatment

A

Itraconazole PO (avoid use in HF)
terbinafine PO (can cause hepatotoxicity)

48
Q

pH & vaginal infections

A

pH > 4.5 is consistent with bacterial vaginosis or trichomoniasis infection
** OTC test kits available to test pH**

49
Q

Onychomycosis: diagnosis

A

20% KOH smear

50
Q

Miconazole

A

Monistat-3

51
Q

Butoconazole

A

Gynazole-1

52
Q

How long to treat complicated/pregnancy related vaginal infections?

A

7-10 days or refer to physician

53
Q

Diaper rash: prevention

A

Petrolatum ointment (A&D ointment)
Petrolatum with zinc oxide (Desitin) - desicant used to dry skin

54
Q

Diaper rash: treatment

A

Clotrimazole, miconazole, nystatin
Hydrocortisone

55
Q

Hemorrhoids: treatment

A

Psyllium - reduce straining
Phenylephrine (Preparation H)- vasocontrictor to shrink hemorroids
Hydrocortisone (Anusol-HC, Preparation H)
Witch hazel (Tucks medicated cooling pads)

56
Q

Pinworm (vermicularis): presentation

A

anal itching, usually in kids

57
Q

“Tape test”

A

Used in pinworm infection to identify eggs
Can take up to 3 morning tape tests to identify eggs

58
Q

Pinworm: treatment

A

Mebendazole
Pyrantel pamoate
Albendazole

59
Q

Mebendazole, Albendazole warnings

A

headache, nausea, hepatotoxicity

59
Q

Albendazole: administration

A

Take with high fat meal

60
Q

Topical ivermectin

A

Sklice
Used to treat head lice
Available OTC

60
Q

Permethrin difference in treating lice vs scabies

A

lice: permethrin lotion 1% (Nix)
Scabies: permethrin cream 5%

61
Q

Oral ivermectin

A

Stromectol
For 15kg +
ADRs: lymph node enlargement, arthralgias, skin tenderness, pruritis & fever

62
Q

Lice

A

pediculus humanus capitis

63
Q

Which shampoo is no longer recommended as a treatment for lice d/t neurotoxicity?

A

Lindane shampoo 1%

63
Q

Malathion lotion 0.5%

A

Ovide
Organophosphate
only for 6+ yr old
Irritatble to skin & flammable

64
Q

Retreatment is needed on days 7-10 for most lice products, what is the exception?

A

Topical ivermectin (Sklice)

64
Q

How often should you use the nit comb to remove nits & lice after treatment?

A

every 2-3 days

65
Q

Pyrethrin/piperonyl: brand name

A

RID

65
Q

NIx and RID retreatment day

A

9

65
Q

Burn: characterization

A

1st dregree: red/painful, minor swelling
2nd degree: thicker, very painful, produce blisters
3rd degree: damage to all layers, skin appears white/charred

66
Q

Aquaphor

A

80% oil, 20% water ointment
Used to protect skin for minor burns
Holds in moisure & prevents scarring

66
Q

Diabetes & burns

A

even a minor burn on foot can dead to amputation

67
Q

Silver sulfadiazine

A

Silvadene, SSD
reduces infection risk & promotes healing

68
Q

Mupirocin: coverage

A

Strep & staph (including MRSA).

68
Q

Don’t use SSD in

A

Sulfa allergy
G6PD deficiency

69
Q

Poison ivy: transmission

A

oak or sumac poisoning
Allergic rxn from touching saps of plants containg urushiol

70
Q

Hydrocortisone strengths avaliable OTC

A

0.5%
1%

71
Q

Poison ivy: treatment

A

Aluminum actetate (astringent)
Collodial oatmeal (Aveeno)
Zanfel
Topical or oral steroids PRN

72
Q

Steroid vehicles from highest to lowest potency

A
73
Q

“Finger tip” unit

A

Used to estimate amount
From the fingertip to the first joint

74
Q

“Broad spectrum” sunscreen definition

A

Protects against both UVA and UVB

74
Q

Sunscreen counseling points

A

Apply liberally every 2 hours
Reapply after swimming or sweating
Keep babies < 6 months out of the sun

75
Q

Time to burn (TTB) equation

A

TTB = SPF & TTB (without suncreen)

76
Q

Sunscreen & “waterproof”

A

Labels can no longer write “water proof” or “water resistant” because they all wash off

Can be water resistant for 40-80 minutes

77
Q
A
78
Q
A
79
Q
A

TOP 300 drugs - NAPLEX (12 decks)

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