Common Questions/Mistakes Flashcards
What is the most common systemic mycosis that causes CNS disease?
Cryptococcus
How is Histoplasmosis disseminated throughout the body?
Macrophages
Drug of choice for treatment for Cryptococcus
Fluconazole
Drug of choice for Blastomycosis?
Itraconazole
Fluconazole may be used if there is CNS or occular involvement
What are the 3 most common locations to find evidence of Blastomycosis?
Respiratory
Cutaneous
Occular
What organism is responsible for Blastomycosis?
Blastomyces dermatitidis
What organism is responsible for Cryptococcosis?
Cryptococcus neoformans (pigeon feces) Cryptococcus gattii (landscaping mulch)
How do you diagnose Cryptococcus?
Cytology - Fried egg
How do you diagnose Histoplasmosis
cytology
What is the drug of choice for Histoplasmosis?
Itraconazole
What is the organism responsible for coccidiomycosis?
Coccidioides immitis
Where is the US is Coccidiomycosis found most comonly?
Southwest US
Where on the body will you most likely find coccidiomycosis cutaneous lesions?
over a boney structure
In regards to coccidiomycosis, what species is most common to have cutaneous lesions? What species are clinical signs most comon in general
cat- cutaneous lesions
Dog- clinical signs in general
What is the drug of choice for treating a coccidiomycosis case
Fluconazole
How do you diagnose a Coccidiomycosis case?
History of travel is huge
Antibody titers are helpful. IgM indicates an active disease. IgG indicates exposure
If a dog has a history of traveling to Arizona and comes to your clinic coughing, what is the main differential on your list related to fungal infections?
Coccidomycosis
What is valley fever
coccidiomycosis
What are the most comon areas to find Sporotrichosis lesions in the dog, humans and cats
Dog- cutaneous
Humans- lymphocutaneous
Cats- disseminated
What organism is responsible for Sporotrichosis?
sporothrix schenckii (direct innoculation)
What fungal mycosis is a concern for zoonosis?
Sporotrichosis
this is a concern because no injury may have occurred. This can be transmitted by coming into contact with exudate, wounds or trauma.
How do you diagnose Sporotrichosis?
These will be found on cytology within macrophages.
how do you treat a dog with sporotrichosis?
potassium iodide or itraconazol
How do you trat a cat with sporotrichosis?
Itraconazole
What organism causes pythiosis?
Pythium insidiosum
oomycete -> zoospore -> form germ tubes that facilitate tissue invasion by hyphal elements.
How are oomycetes different than true fungi?
Cell wall composition is primarily made of cellulose and B-glucan. they lack chitin and ergosterol
What forms of disease can you get of Pythiosis?
cutaneous and GI- cutaneous is most common.
solitary ulcerative nodules with draining tract.
How do you diagnose pythiosis?
histopathology- presence of hyphal ghosts
Cytology will show pyogranulomatous inflammation with a lot of eosinophils, but histopathology is best
How do you treat pythiosis?
Wide surgical excision or amputation.
This should be combined with antifungal therapy such as Echinocadins or Itraconazole + terbinafine
