Common Prepositions, Nouns Flashcards
prepositions
toward, to
We walked toward the mountain.
hacia
Caminamos hacia la montaña.
Prepositions
against
I am against that decision.
contra
Estoy en contra de esa decisión.
prepositions
under
The cat is under the table.
bajo
El gato está bajo la mesa.
Prepositions
inside, within
The money is inside the box.
dentro de
El dinero está dentro de la caja.
Dentro focuses on being inside a place (Las llaves (keys) están dentro).
Adentro focuses on movement toward the inside (Voy adentro).
Prepositions
outside of
The dog is outside the house.
fuera de
El perro está fuera de la casa.
Prepositions
around
There are many flowers around the tree.
alrededor de
Hay muchas flores alrededor del árbol.
Prepositions
above, about
The painting is above the bed.
sobre
El cuadro está sobre la cama.
Prepositions
through
I looked through the window.
a través de
Miré a través de la ventana.
prepositions
according to
According to my friend, it’s a good idea.
según
Según mi amigo, es una buena idea.
Prepositions
up, upward
Look up to see the stars.
hacia arriba
Mira hacia arriba para ver las estrellas.
Hacia focuses on direction or approximation (towards, around).
Hasta marks a limit or endpoint (until, up to, even).
skin
She has very soft skin.
piel
Ella tiene piel muy suave.
clothes
I bought new clothes for school.
ropa
Compré ropa nueva para la escuela.
road
The road is long and full of curves.
camino
El camino es largo y lleno de curvas.
Nouns
train
The train arrived late today.
tren
El tren llegó tarde hoy.
airplane
We took a plane to Madrid.
avión
Tomamos un avión a Madrid.
Nouns
bridge
The bridge crosses the river.
puente
El puente cruza el río.
earth/land
The ground is wet after the rain.
tierra
La tierra está húmeda después de la lluvia.
fan
The fan is not working.
ventilador
El ventilador no funciona.
door
Close the door, please.
puerta
Cierra la puerta, por favor.
computer
I use the computer to work.
computadora
Uso la computadora para trabajar.
phone
My phone is charging.
teléfono
Mi teléfono está cargando.
screen
The screen of my TV is big.
pantalla
La pantalla de mi televisor es grande.
keyboard
The keyboard has some broken keys.
Teclado
El teclado tiene algunas teclas rotas.
sky
The sky is full of clouds.
Cielo
El cielo está lleno de nubes.
star
We count stars at night.
estrella
Contamos estrellas en la noche.
The cloud
To cover, physically or to cover a topic
The clouds are covering the sun.
La nube
Cubrir
Las nubes están cubriendo el sol.
butterfly
We saw a blue butterfly in the garden.
mariposa
Vimos una mariposa azul en el jardín.
Nouns
lake
The lake is very calm today.
lago
El lago está muy tranquilo hoy.
Nouns
island
We’d like to visit a tropical island.
isla
Nos gustaría visitar una isla tropical.
pencil
I need a pencil to write.
lápiz
Necesito un lápiz para escribir.
pen
The black pen is on the table.
bolígrafo
El bolígrafo negro está en la mesa.
paper
I wrote a note on the paper.
Papel
Escribí una nota en el papel.
letter
She wrote a letter to her friend.
Carta
Ella escribió una carta para su amigo.
television
I watched a funny show on TV.
televisión
Vi un programa divertido en la televisor.
refrigerator
The refrigerator is full of food.
refrigerador
El refrigerador está lleno de comida.
feather
The feather of that bird is beautiful.
pluma
La pluma de ese pájaro es hermosa.
Nouns
map
We need a map to find the way.
mapa
Necesitamos un mapa para encontrar el camino.
citizen
Every citizen has rights and duties.
ciudadano
Cada ciudadano tiene derechos y deberes.
doctor
The doctor arrived on time for the appointment.
médico
El médico llegó a tiempo para la consulta.
teacher
The teacher explained the lesson clearly.
profesor
El profesor explicó la lección claramente.
student
The student is doing her homework.
estudiante
La estudiante está haciendo su tarea.
neighbor
My neighbor helped me with the garden.
vecino
Mi vecino me ayudó con el jardín.
toy
The boy left his toy in the living room.
juguete
El niño dejó su juguete en la sala.
gift
I bought a gift for my friend.
regalo
Compré un regalo para mi amiga.
memory
I have a beautiful memory of that day.
recuerdo
Tengo un bonito recuerdo de ese día.
vacation
We are planning our summer vacation.
vacaciones
Estamos planeando nuestras vacaciones de verano.
culture
I’m interested in learning about Mexican culture.
cultura
Me interesa aprender sobre la cultura mexicana.
language
Spanish is a fascinating language.
idioma
El español es un idioma fascinante.
port
The ship arrived at the port this morning.
puerto
El barco llegó al puerto esta mañana.
Nouns
inhabitant
The inhabitants of the city are very kind.
habitante
Los habitantes de la ciudad son muy amables.
beach
To spend, to pass
We spent the weekend at the beach.
playa
Pasar
Pasamos el fin de semana en la playa.
Nouns
farm
We visited a farm with many animals.
granja
Visitamos una granja con muchos animales.
mountain
We climbed a very tall mountain.
montaña
Escalamos una montaña muy alta.
park
The park is full of flowers in spring.
parque
El parque está lleno de flores en primavera.
hill
We went up the hill to see the view.
cerro
Subimos al cerro para ver la vista.
Nouns
garden
The garden is full of butterflies.
jardín
El jardín está lleno de mariposas.
highway
We took the highway to get there faster.
carretera
Tomamos la carretera para llegar más rápido.
Prepositions
between, among
The car is between the trees.
entre
El coche está entre los árboles.
prepositions
from, since
I’ve been waiting for you since yesterday.
desde
Te he estado esperando desde ayer.
Beyond
Mas alla de
To cover
The clouds are covering the sun.
Cubrir
Las nubes estan cubriendo el sol.
To add
We are adding special spices to the meal tonight.
Agregar
Estamos agregando especias especiales para la comida esta noche.
Bland, tasteless
They gave us a lot of food but the flavor was bland.
Insipido
Nos dieron mucha comida pero el sabor fue insipido.
Clove
I have used clove many times when I prepare a pastry.
clavo de olor
He usado clavo de olor muchas veces para cuando preparo un postre.
Smell, scent
I enjoy very much the scent of roses.
Olor
Me gusta mucho el olor de rosas.
Cinnamon
Canela
Bitter
Amarga
Luxurious lavish
Lujosa/o
Conjugate, to be enough, to suffice
Enough, quite, a lot, adjective
Stop it
It is sufficient to say you are enough, so stop.
Bastar
Yo basto I suffice / I am enough
Tú bastas You suffice (informal)
Él/Ella/Usted basta He/She/You (formal) suffices
Nosotros/as bastamos We suffice
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes bastan They/You all suffice
Bastante
Basta
Es suficiente decir que bastas, así que basta.
Use asi QUE because it is a subjunctive informal command.
Room(s)
Cuarto(s)
Guest
Invitado
Furniture(s)
El Mueble(s)
Bedroom
El Dormitorio
However
I wanted to go to the beach. However, it rained.
Sin embargo
Quería ir a la playa. Sin embargo, llovió.
Remember sin embargo literally means “without restriction”. An embargo is a restriction.
Parent(s)
Padre(s)
Last name, surname
Apellido
Bit of cough
Poco de tos
Less
Menos
Significant, important
significa
To teach, to show
enseñar
Yo Enseno
Tu Ensenas
To add
agregar
Net
Social media, social network
redes sociales
To share
Compartir
Conjugate the verb, To grow,
Wise
I become
When I grow as a person I become more wise.
Yo (I) crezco
Tú (You) creces
Él/Ella/Usted (He/She/You formal) crece
Nosotros/Nosotras (We) crecemos
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes (They/You all formal) crecen
Sabio
Me vuelvo
Cuando crezco como persona, me vuelvo más sabio.
Before
Before leaving, turn off the lights.
After
After eating, we wash the dishes.
On top of
The book is on top of the table.
Underneath
The cat sleeps underneath the bed.
Antes de
Antes de salir, apaga las luces.
Después de
Después de comer, lavamos los platos.
Encima de
El libro está encima de la mesa.
Debajo de
El gato duerme debajo de la cama.
Conjugate the point in the past, To turn off
I turned off the lights before I left the room.
Apagar
Yo (I) apagué
Tú (You) apagaste
Él/Ella/Usted (He/She/You formal) apagó
Nosotros/Nosotras (We) apagamos
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes (They/You all formal) apagaron
Apagué las luces antes de salir del cuarto.
Conjugate the verb, to relax
Relajar
I: relajo
You: relajas
He/She/You (formal): relaja
We: relajamos
They/You (plural): relajan
To show, to demonstrate
I want to show him how much I love him.
Demostrar
Quiero demostrarle cuánto lo amo.
Behind
There is a choice behind every question.
Detras de
Hay una elección detrás de cada pregunta.
A choice
Una eleccion
Conjugate the verb, to ask for, to request
To accomplish, to arrive at, to complete a goal
I want to ask for a new way to accomplish what we are here to learn.
Pedir
Lograr
Yo pido
Tú pides
Él/Ella/Usted pide
Nosotros/as pedimos
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes piden
Quiero pedir una nueva forma de lograr lo que estamos aquí para aprender.
Conjugate to achieve, to accomplish, to succeed at, to arrive at
I want to accomplish many things before I die.
Don’t confuse with, To arrive
We arrived at the station at 5.
Lograr
Yo logro
Tú logras
Él/Ella/Usted logra
Nosotros/as logramos
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes logran
Quiero lograr muchas cosas antes de morir.
Llegar
Llegamos a la estación a las 5.
Llegar focuses on reaching a place, position, or state.
Lograr” focuses on achieving or succeeding at something.
Tools
When I work on a project it is important to have good tools
herramientas
Cuando trabajo en un proyecto, es importante tener buenas herramientas.
Besides, apart from
Conjugate the verb, to laugh
I have much to say besides the things that make you laugh.
aparte de
Reir
Yo río
Tú ríes
Él/Ella/Usted ríe
Nosotros/as reímos
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes ríen
Tengo mucho que decir aparte de las cosas que te hacen reír.
Tengo mucho que decir”: The phrase mucho que decir (much to say) requires the word “que” after mucho.
I will do what you ask but it is your responsibility.
Voy a hacer lo que me pidas, pero es tu responsabilidad.
Age
What was your age when you felt the need to sing in public.
edad
¿Cuál fue tu edad cuando sentiste la necesidad de cantar en público?
Cuál fue tu edad?”: “What was your age?” is correctly phrased with cuál instead of qué when asking for specific information.
However, never the less
I will learn Spanish however at times I lose patience with myself.
Sin embargo
Voy a aprender español; sin embargo, a veces pierdo la paciencia conmigo mismo.
To rain
It rains
llover
Llueve
A close friend
To remember
I have a close friend who remembers my birthday every year.
Cercano
Recordar
Tengo un amigo cercano que recuerda mi cumpleaños todos los años.
Mistake
Fault
I realize (I notice) that mistake was not your fault.
Error
Culpa
Me doy cuenta de que ese error no fue tu culpa.
“que,” which is necessary to introduce the subordinate clause explaining what is being realized.
Various
Bookcase
To record
I want to record various books that are kept on the bookcase.
Varios
Estante
Grabar
Quiero grabar varios libros que tengo en el estante.
Wall
Clock
Author
The author is famous for writing about that clock on the wall.
Pared
Reloj
Autor
El autor es famoso por escribir sobre ese reloj en la pared.
Conjugate, to put, point in the past
About,” “on,” “over,” or “regarding.
The matter of,” “the thing about,” or “what happened with.”, referring to something previously mentioned or implied
We were talking about that business with Juan, when he put that strange painting over the bed.
Yo puse I put
Tú pusiste You put (informal)
Él/Ella/Usted puso He/She/You (formal) put
Nosotros/as pusimos We put
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes pusieron They/You all put
Sobre
Lo de
Hablábamos de lo de Juan, cuando puso ese cuadro extraño sobre la cama.
Would you like something to drink?
¿Te gustaría algo de beber?
I would like the check.
Me gustaría la cuenta.
A bottle of water
Una botella de agua
When do you use
Perdone
disculpe
Permiso
Perdone and disculpe are more formal and are used when apologizing or politely addressing someone.
Permiso is used specifically to ask for or express permission, especially when moving through a physical space.
Disculpe is slightly less formal than perdone, but both are polite ways to say “excuse me” or apologize.
something is lacking
I’m missing/lacking money.
less, fewer, or minus
There are fewer people today.
Me falta dinero.
Hay menos personas hoy.
Falta refers to something missing or needed (a shortage or absence).
Menos refers to something being less, fewer, or reduced, often used in comparisons or arithmetic.
Conjugate, to say
Present tense
Point in the past
Line in the past
Translate, A saying
Decir
Yo digo
Tú dices
Él/Ella/Usted dice
Nosotros/Nosotras decimos
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes dicen
Point in the past) – “I said” (specific past event)
Yo dije
Tú dijiste
Él/Ella/Usted dijo
Nosotros/Nosotras dijimos
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes dijeron
Line in the past – “I used to say” (ongoing/habitual past)
Yo decía
Tú decías
Él/Ella/Usted decía
Nosotros/Nosotras decíamos
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes decían
Un dicho
To have Just done something, to finish, to complete
I just cleaned the house.
You just arrived.
I had just entered when it started raining.
Acabar de
Acabo de limpiar la casa.
Acabas de llegar.
Acababa de entrar cuando empezó a llover.
To make sense (to have sense)
I don’t understand that, it doesn’t make sense.
Tener sentido
No entiendo eso, no tiene sentido.
To be about, is about, to describe the subject or topic of something.
What is the show about?
Tratarse de
De que se trata la serie?
Ends in vowel, n or s
Second to last syllable gets the stress
Any other letter?
Last syllable is better
Ends in vowel, n or s
Second to last syllable gets the stress
Any other letter?
Last syllable is better
To Sit
to seat (someone)
reflexive means “to sit down.”
Conjugate
present tense
Point in the past
I sit on the chair.
Would you like to sit in the chair that is the most comfortable?
sentarse
Me siento
Yo me siento
Tú te sientas
Él/Ella/Usted se sienta
Nosotros nos sentamos
Ellos/Ustedes se sientan
Yo me senté
Tú te sentaste
Él/Ella/Usted se sentó
Nosotros nos sentamos
Ellos/Ustedes se sentaron
Me siento en la silla.
Te gustaría sentarte en la silla que es la más cómoda?
Conjugate to feel
Present
Point in the past
I feel the cold. (non-reflexive)
They felt cold. (reflexive for emotions)
Yo siento me siento
Tú sientes te sientes
Él/Ella/Usted siente se siente
Nosotros sentimos nos sentimos
Ellos/Ustedes sienten se sienten
Siento el frío. I feel the cold. (non-reflexive)
Me siento frio. I feel cold. (reflexive for emotions)
Yo sentí me sentí
Tú sentiste te sentiste
Él/Ella/Usted sintió se sintió
Nosotros sentimos nos sentimos
Ellos/Ustedes sintieron se sintieron
Siento el frio.
Se sintieron frio.
To turn off
To turn on (the lights)
I turn off the lights when I leave the room.
I turn on the lights when I come into the room.
I turn on the television at night to help me sleep.
Apagar
Encender
Apago las luces cuando salgo del cuarto.
Enciendo las luces cuando entro en el cuarto.
Enciendo el televisor por la noche para ayudarme a dormir.
I haven’t been speaking Spanish for very long.
(I don’t carry much time speaking Spanish), to carry
No llevo mucho tiempo hablando espanol.
Fledgling
For this time I am a fledgling that is growing.
Novato/a
Durante este tiempo, soy un novato que está creciendo.
To answer
I will answer all the questions that you have.
Contestar
Voy a contestar todas las preguntas que tengas.
Que tengas Using the subjunctive (tengas) is better because it refers to questions the listener might have, not necessarily ones they already have.
Smooth, plain
I prefer plain colored t-shirts and a table with a smooth surface.
Prefiero camisetas de color liso y una mesa con una superficie lisa.
Up to here, this far
I have walked up to here and I am glad to have come this far.
Haste Aca
He caminado hasta acá y me alegra haber llegado hasta aquí.
To cool down
Their love cools down over time.
Enfriar
Su amor se enfría con el tiempo.
Delight
The sound of the waves is a delight to my ears.
Delicia
El sonido de las olas es una delicia para mis oídos.
Lettuce
Spinach
When I make a salad if I do not have lettuce I can use spinach.
Lechuga
Espinaca
Cuando hago una ensalada, si no tengo lechuga, puedo usar espinaca.
Face
It is good to wash your face before bed.
Cara
Es bueno lavarse la cara antes de dormir.
Lavarse” instead of “lavar” – Reflexive form is more natural when talking about personal hygiene.
Conjugate present and point in the past, to die
The dog has probably died because he was very old.
Morir
Yo muero
Tú mueres
Él/ella muere
Ellos/ellas mueren
Nosotros remain regular: morimos
Yo mori
Tu moriste,
Nosotros morimos,
Él/ella murió
Ellos/ellas murieron
Unlike regular “-ir” verbs that end in ”-ido” (vivido, salido), morir has an irregular past participle:
He muerto (I have died)
Probablemente el perro ha muerto porque era muy viejo.
Common idioms
Watch out
Literal meaning: “Waters!”
¡Aguas!
Origin: Comes from old times when people would throw dirty water onto the streets and would shout “¡Aguas!” as a warning.
Common idioms
To be distracted or daydreaming
Literal meaning: “To be in the clouds”
Estar en las nubes
Common idioms
To help someone out
Literal meaning: “To throw the hand”
Echar la mano
Echar, to throw
Common idioms
No way!” / “You’re kidding!
Literal meaning: “Don’t stain”
No manches
Comes from a more vulgar expression (“No mames”, don’t suck, mamar), which was softened into “No manches” in polite speech.
Common idioms
To be really drunk
Literal meaning: “To be up to the sandals”
Estar hasta las chanclas
Origin: The idea is that a person is so drunk that even their sandals (chanclas) are affected.
Common idioms
Almost / Nearly there
Exact, precise, or “just about” (used for emphasis)
Literal meaning: “Already almost”
You arrived at the exact moment.
Ya mero
Mero
Llegaste en el mero momento.
Common idioms
I lost my train of thought” or “I forgot
Literal meaning: “The plane left me”
(It went from me the plane)
Se me fue el avión
Origin: It suggests missing something important (like a flight), just as someone might miss an idea or thought.
Common idioms
Something is difficult or impressive
Literal meaning: “It is a cannon”
Está cañón
Origin: “Cañón” (cannon) gives the idea of something powerful or extreme.
Common idioms
Translate the verb, To pretend
To pretend not to notice / To avoid responsibility
Literal meaning: “To make oneself a duck”
By pretending there are no dirty dishes, you are avoiding your responsibility.
Fingir
Yo finjo (I pretend) ← spelling change
Tú finges (You pretend)
Él/Ella/Usted finge (He/She/You [formal] pretends)
Nosotros/as fingimos (We pretend)
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes fingen (They/You all pretend)
Hacerse pato
Fingiendo que no hay platos que limpiar, te haces pato.”
Origin: Ducks often float lazily on the water, giving the impression of doing nothing.
Common idioms
Alright / Okay, deal
Literal meaning: “It goes and it’s worth it”
Sale y vale
Origin: “Sale” comes from “salir” (to go out), meaning “Let’s go.” “Vale” means “It’s okay” or “It’s valid.”
sometimes, once in a while, from a time when, (from time in when)
Once in a while, I like to go for a walk in the park to relax.
De vez en cuando.
De vez en cuando me gusta salir a caminar por el parque para relajarme.
annoying
To interrupt
It is annoying when someone interrupts me in a conversation.
fastidioso
Interrumpir
Es fastidioso cuando alguien me interrumpe en una conversación.
Conjugate present, to pay (to pay, or to lend, to dedicate to, to provide )
I want to pay attention for the mailman.
Prestar
Yo presto
Tú prestas
Él / Ella / Usted presta
Nosotros / Nosotras prestamos
Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes prestan prestar atención
Quiero prestar atención al cartero.
To land
To take off
The plane is going to land in 10 minutes.
The flight will take off at 8 in the morning.
Aterrizar
Despegar
El avión va a aterrizar en 10 minutos.
El vuelo despegará a las 8 de la mañana.
To join, merge, unite
I want to join with you on this project.
Unir
Quiero unirme a ti para este proyecto.
To wear a costume, to wear make up
Disfrazar
To move belongings, residence
Mudar
To remove out of sight, to hide, disappear
Desaperacer
To overwhelm
I am overwhelmed with the challenge of learning Spanish.
Abrumar
Me abruma el desafío de aprender español.
To float
Inundar
To get stuck, to clog, to jam
To try other than intentar
I get stuck trying to remember words in Spanish.
Atascar
Tratar
Me atasco tratando de recordar las palabras en español.
Intentar is followed by a verb without using de
Tratar is always followed by de and then the verb, and is more informal than intentar
Tratar without de means to treat, to deal with , to be about
Él trata bien a sus amigos. → (He treats his friends well.)
La película trata sobre la historia de México. → (The movie is about Mexico’s history.)
To drive
Manejar
To get wet
Mojar
To make a mistake
Equivocar
To look forward to (wait with anticipation)
Esparar con anticipation
To save, to keep
Ahorrar
To move, emotionally
Mover
To excite
Emocionarse
To suppose
Suponer
To correct
Conjugate the present tense
Past
Past imperfect, used to
We used to correct all of your mistakes until we saw that you were making the best choices.
Corregir
Yo corrijo
Tú corriges
Él/Ella/Usted corrige
Nosotros/Nosotras corregimos
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes corrigen
Yo corregí
Tú corregiste
Él/Ella/Usted corrigió
Nosotros/Nosotras corregimos
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes corrigieron (They/You all corrected - Latin America)
Yo corregía
Tú corregías
Él/Ella/Usted corregía
Nosotros/Nosotras corregíamos
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes corregían (They/You all used to correct / were correcting - Latin America)
Corregíamos todos tus errores hasta que vimos que estabas tomando las mejores decisiones.
To focus
Enfocar
To reach
Alcanzar
To recognize
Reconocer
To pull out, to carry out, to take out
Sacar
To inspire
Inspirar
To plant
Conjugate the present
Sembrar
Yo, siembro
Tú, siembras
Él/Ella/Usted, siembra
Nosotros/Nosotras, sembramos
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes,siembran
To charge (the business charged me)
To charge (I charged on my credit card, I charged the electronics)
The store charged me $60 before I could charge the battery of my new phone.
Cobrar
Cargar
La tienda me cobró sesenta dólares antes de cargar la batería de mi nuevo teléfono.
Key Rule to Remember
• Customer (you) → “Cargar” a la tarjeta
• Business (they) → “Cobrar” al cliente
• Voy a cargar la compra a mi tarjeta, pero la tienda me cobró impuestos adicionales. → (I’m going to charge the purchase to my card, but the store charged me additional taxes.)
To rotate
Girar
To reflect
Reflexionar
To grow old
To include (even when)
Conjugate present, past, and imperfect past, to grow old (irregular)
I am going to stay young thinking including when I grow old.
Envejecer
Incluir
Yo envejezco
Tú envejeces
Él/Ella/Usted envejece
Nosotros/Nosotras envejecemos
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes envejecen
Yo envejecí
Tú envejeciste
Él/Ella/Usted envejeció
Nosotros/Nosotras envejecimos
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes envejecieron
Yo envejecía
Tú envejecías
Él/Ella/Usted envejecía
Nosotros/Nosotras envejecíamos
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes envejecían
Voy a quedarme joven en mis pensamientos incluso cuando envejezco.
Incluso → Means “even” or “including” in a general sense. It’s an adverb.
Todos fueron a la fiesta, incluso mi abuelo.
(Everyone went to the party, even my grandfather.)
Incluyendo → Means “including” as an action.
Estoy organizando el evento incluyendo a todos los invitados.
(I am organizing the event including all the guests.)
To overcome
I am going to overcome these difficult times.
Superar
Voy a superar estos tiempos difíciles.
I used to + verb (eat, talk, live)
Solia comer, hablar, vivir
To get over, to overcome (reflexive)
I need to get over myself.
Superar
Necesito superarme a mí mismo.
Shirt
Camisa
Pants
Pantalones
Dress
Vestido
Jacket
Chaqueta
Socks
Calcetines
Fingers
Toes
Dedos de la mano
Dedos del pie
Birds -A more general and scientific term that refers to all birds, including large and small species.
Birds -Refers specifically to small birds, usually songbirds or those that are commonly seen in daily life.
Aves
Pájaros
Two different slang phrases to say, How is it going? (What is passing, what do you tell me)
¿Qué está pasando?
¿Qué me cuentas?
Contest
Concurso
I do/make
I put
I leave
I have
I come
I say
Trick: Imagine a superhero named “Yo-go” who flies in and changes the ending to ”-go” for all these verbs!
Hacer → hago
Poner → pongo
Salir → salgo
Tener → tengo
Venir → vengo
Decir → digo
Trick: Imagine a superhero named “Yo-go” who flies in and changes the ending to ”-go” for all these verbs!
E → I Stem-Changing Verbs
I ask
I repeat
I serve
Trick: Think of a quick I slicing through the verb, making it shorter and sharper!
Pedir → pido, pides, pide, pedimos, pedís, piden
Repetir → repito, repites, repite, repetimos, repetís, repiten
Servir → sirvo, sirves, sirve, servimos, servís, sirven
Trick: Think of a quick I slicing through the verb, making it shorter and sharper!
The “U-stem” Gang
These verbs take a u for point in the past
I could
I put
I know
I have
Trick: Imagine a superhero team called the “U-stem Avengers” (Pud, Pus, Sup, and Tuv) fighting irregular verb confusion!
Poder → pud- (pude, pudiste, pudo…)
Poner → pus- (puse, pusiste, puso…)
Saber → sup- (supe, supiste, supo…)
Tener → tuv- (tuve, tuviste, tuvo…)
Trick: Imagine a superhero team called the “U-stem Avengers” (Pud, Pus, Sup, and Tuv) fighting irregular verb confusion!
The “I-stem” Trio, point in the past
I did
I wanted to
I came
2B. The “I-stem” Trio
Hacer → hic- (hice, hiciste, hizo…)
Querer → quis- (quise, quisiste, quiso…)
Venir → vin- (vine, viniste, vino…)
Trick: Picture a Spanish waiter offering you drinks: ”¿Hiciste un vino?” (“Did you make a wine?”) – mixing hic- (hacer) and vin- (venir)!
Point in the past
I was
I gave
I saw
Some verbs like ser/ir, dar, and ver have completely irregular preterite forms.
Ser/Ir → fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fueron
Dar → di, diste, dio, dimos, dieron
Ver → vi, viste, vio, vimos, vieron
To remember common irregular past participles (used with haber for perfect tenses), use this phrase:
“Roto, puesto, dicho, hecho, visto, vuelto, muerto, abierto, escrito, cubierto
Broken, put, said, done/made, seen, returned, died, opened, written, covered
To remember common irregular past participles (used with haber for perfect tenses), use this phrase:
“Roto, puesto, dicho, hecho, visto, vuelto, muerto, abierto, escrito, cubierto.”
Romper → roto (broken)
Poner → puesto (put)
Decir → dicho (said)
Hacer → hecho (done/made)
Ver → visto (seen)
Volver → vuelto (returned)
Morir → muerto (died)
Abrir → abierto (opened)
Escribir → escrito (written)
Cubrir → cubierto (covered)
See you later, local version
Hasta luego becomes ta luego
Neither
Tampoco
Brain
Cerebro
To fix , to clean up, to tidy up
I want to tidy my home to prepare it before the arrival of the guests.
Arreglar
Quiero arreglar mi casa para prepararla antes de la llegada de los invitados.
Powerful, strong
Poderosa/o
Prize
Premio
To go up, to climb , to rise
To go up the stairs
To climb a mountain
I’m going upstairs to get my jacket
To get on the bus
To board the plane
Hurry up, we have to get on the train before it starts moving.
Subir
Subir escaleras
Subir una montaña
Voy a subir al segundo piso para buscar mi chaqueta.
Subir al autobús
Subir al avión
Apúrate, tenemos que subir al tren antes de que el tren empieza a moverse.
Almost
Casi
To press, to push
Press the button to continue.
Press 1 for Spanish.
Oprimir
Oprima el botón para continuar.
Oprima uno para español.
Sentence
Oracion
Conjugate the present tense, To hear
Oír
Yo oigo (I hear)
Tú oyes (You hear)
Él/Ella/Usted oye (He/She/You [formal] hear)
Nosotros/as oímos (We hear)
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes oyen (They/You all hear)
Conjugate point in the past, to hear
Oír (to hear)
Yo oí (I heard)
Tú oíste (You heard)
Él/Ella/Usted oyó (He/She/You [formal] heard)
Nosotros/as oímos (We heard)
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes oyeron (They/You all heard)
Conjugate the present tense, to smell (irregular)
Oler (to smell)
Yo huelo (I smell)
Tú hueles (You smell)
Él/Ella/Usted huele (He/She/You [formal] smells)
Nosotros/as olemos (We smell)
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes huelen (They/You all smell)
Conjugate point in the past, to smell
Oler
Yo olí (I smelled)
Tú oliste (You smelled)
Él/Ella/Usted olió (He/She/You [formal] smelled)
Nosotros/as olimos (We smelled)
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes olieron (They/You all smelled)
Conjugate line in the past, to hear
Oír (to hear)
Yo oía (I used to hear / was hearing)
Tú oías (You used to hear / were hearing)
Él/Ella/Usted oía (He/She/You [formal] used to hear / was hearing)
Nosotros/as oíamos (We used to hear / were hearing)
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes oían (They/You all used to hear / were hearing)
Conjugate line in the past, to smell
Oler (to smell)
Yo olía (I used to smell / was smelling)
Tú olías (You used to smell / were smelling)
Él/Ella/Usted olía (He/She/You [formal] used to smell / was smelling)
Nosotros/as olíamos (We used to smell / were smelling)
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes olían (They/You all used to smell / were smelling)
Conjugate the present, to taste
Probar (to taste)
Yo pruebo (I taste)
Tú pruebas (You taste)
Él/Ella/Usted prueba (He/She/You [formal] taste)
Nosotros/as probamos (We taste)
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes prueban (They/You all taste)
Conjugate point in the past, to taste
Probar (to taste)
Yo probé (I tasted)
Tú probaste (You tasted)
Él/Ella/Usted probó (He/She/You [formal] tasted)
Nosotros/as probamos (We tasted)
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes probaron (They/You all tasted)
Conjugate line in the past, to taste
Probar (to taste)
Yo probaba (I used to taste / was tasting)
Tú probabas (You used to taste / were tasting)
Él/Ella/Usted probaba (He/She/You [formal] used to taste / was tasting)
Nosotros/as probábamos (We used to taste / were tasting)
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes probaban (They/You all used to taste / were tasting)
To hurry, to finish quickly
I hurry every morning so I’m not (to arrive) late.
Yesterday, I finished my coffee quickly and ran out. (I left running)
Before, we always hurried through lunch to get back to work quickly.
Apurar
Me apuro todas las mañanas para no llegar tarde.
Ayer apuré mi café y salí corriendo.
Antes siempre apurábamos el almuerzo para volver al trabajo rápido.
Conjugate present tense, to move
Mover
Yo muevo (I move)
Tú mueves (You move)
Él/Ella/Usted mueve (He/She/You [formal] moves)
Nosotros/as movemos (We move)
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes mueven (They/You all move)
Conjugate point in the past, to move
Yesterday, I moved the table to the other side of the room.
Mover
Yo moví (I moved)
Tú moviste (You moved)
Él/Ella/Usted movió (He/She/You [formal] moved)
Nosotros/as movimos (We moved)
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes movieron (They/You all moved)
Ayer moví la mesa al otro lado del cuarto.
Conjugate line in the past, to move
Before, we used to move the furniture in the house every year.
Mover
Yo movía (I used to move / was moving)
Tú movías (You used to move / were moving)
Él/Ella/Usted movía (He/She/You [formal] used to move / was moving)
Nosotros/as movíamos (We used to move / were moving)
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes movían (They/You all used to move / were moving)
Antes movíamos los muebles de la casa cada año.
In which
En la que
After all / In the end (at end of stories )
After all, what matters ( the importance to it) is your happiness.
A fin de cuentas
A fin de cuentas, lo importante es tu felicidad.
From time to time / Once in a while (from time in when)
I like to eat pizza once in a while.
De vez en cuando
Me gusta comer pizza de vez en cuando.
To cost an arm and a leg, to cost a fortune (to cost an eye of the face)
That car costs a fortune.
Costar un ojo de la cara
Ese coche cuesta un ojo de la cara.
To be a piece of cake / To be very easy
The exam was a piece of cake.
Ser pan comido
El examen fue pan comido.
Well… I’m not sure,
Bueno… no estoy seguro
Uh… let me think for a moment. ( leave me to think)
Este… déjame pensar un momento.
Let me think…
Let me think… I don’t remember the name of the restaurant.
Déjame pensar…
Déjame pensar… no recuerdo el nombre del restaurante.
Let’s see…
Let’s see… I think the flight leaves at 5, but I’m not sure.
A ver…
A ver… creo que el vuelo sale a las cinco, pero no estoy seguro.
The truth is that…
The truth is, I hadn’t thought about that.
La verdad es que…
La verdad es que no había pensado en eso.
That’s a good question… (it’s a good question)
That’s a good question… I think it depends on the situation.
Es una buena pregunta…
Es una buena pregunta… creo que depende de la situación.
I’ll tell you in a second…
I’ll tell you in a second, (sounds like a little hour) I just (only) need to remember the name.
(Note: “Ahorita” is common in Latin America and doesn’t always mean “right now”—it can mean “in a little bit.”)
Ahorita te digo…
Ahorita te digo, solo necesito recordar el nombre.
(Note: “Ahorita” is common in Latin America and doesn’t always mean “right now”—it can mean “in a little bit.”)
I wouldn’t know how to tell you…
I wouldn’t know exactly how many there are.
No sabría decirte…
No sabría decirte exactamente cuántos hay.
If I’m not mistaken…
If I’m not mistaken, the event starts at 7.
Si no me equivoco…
Si no me equivoco, el evento empieza a las siete.
Let me see how to explain this…
Let me see how to explain this… it’s a bit of a complex topic.
Déjame ver cómo lo explico…
Déjame ver cómo lo explico… es un tema un poco complejo.
As I was saying…
As I was saying, it’s complicated to make a decision.
- Como te decía…
Como te decía, es complicado tomar una decisión.
I am very thankful for you. (With you)
Estoy muy agradecido contigo.
to take
To make decisions, literally: to take decisions
To sunbathe literally: to take the sun
To take seriously literally: to take in serious
Tomar
Tomar decisiones
Tomar el sol
Tomar en serio
to have, to possess
To be right, literally: to have reason
I need to be right with this decision.
To be in a hurry literally: to have hurry
I have to hurry to catch (to arrive at) the train.
To feel like (doing something) literally: to have desire (wins) of
I feel like doing something valuable.
Tener
Tener razón
Necesito tener razón con esta decisión.
Tener prisa
Tengo que darme prisa para llegar al tren.
Tener ganas de
Tengo ganas de hacer algo valioso.
to put
To pay attention literally: to put attention
To start a project, vehicle, or machine literally: TO PUT IN MOTION
To roll one’s eyes literally: to put the eyes in white
To run, to progress, to function properly
THE progress
The progress of the project is going well.
The car is running/in motion.
Poner
Poner atención
Poner en marcha
Poner los ojos en blanco
Marchar
La marcha
La marcha del proyecto va bien.
El coche está en marcha.
to throw
To miss someone or something: literally: to throw less
To blame someone literally: to throw the blame
To lend a hand/help literally: to throw a hand
Echar
Echar de menos
Echar la culpa
Echar una mano
to give
To go for a walk literally: to give a walk
To scare/frighten literally: to give fear
To realize literally: to give account of
Dar
1. Dar un paseo
2. Dar miedo
3. Dar cuenta de
Butter
Mantequilla
Croissant
Cruasán (or cuerno in some parts of Mexico)
Scone
Panecillo (though scones aren’t as common in Spanish-speaking countries, so some people might just say scone)
To mix
Mezclar
To enter
Entrar
Honey
miel de abeja
To sweeten
endulzar
To rise, to raise, to pick up
To stand up
I rise early.
Levantar
Levantarse
Me levanto temprano.
To pull
Pull the door to open it.
Jalar
Jala la puerta para abrirla.
To push
Push the chair toward the table.
Empujar
Empuja la silla hacia la mesa.
Arrive at
At what time did you get home?
Llegar a
A que hora llegaste a casa?
To manage to, to end up doing something, to become
After many years he became (arrived to be) president.
Llegar + infinitive
Despues de muchos anos, llego a ser presidente.
Over time you will come (will arrive to) to understand it.
Con el tiempo llegaras a entenderlo.
If you keep training you will eventually (you will arrive at) run a marathon.
Si sigues entrenando llegaras a correr un maraton.
To receive, messages, calls, packages
I got( they arrived to me) two text messages.
Me llegaron dos mensajes de texto.
We received(it arrived to us) a package from Mexico.
Nos llego un paquete de Mexico.
To reach a certain amount or level
The video reached (arrived at) a million views.
El video llego un millon de vistas.
My grandfather made it (arrived at, achieved) to 90 years old.
Mi abuelo llego a los noventa anos.
To extend to, to cover a distance
The water reached (arrived up to ) the door.
El agua llego hasta la puerta.
The line goes (arrives up to) all the way to the corner.
La fila llega hasta la esquina.
To have an emotional impact
His words really ( arrived to the heart) touched me.
Sus palabras me llegaron al corazon.
That movie really got ( arrived to me) to me.
Esa pelicula me llego mucho.
To be enough, to be sufficient
I don’t have enough ( it didn’t arrive to me) money to buy it.
Llegar para
No me llega el dinero para comprarlo.
To come so far, to go so far
No one imagined that Sofia would get so far (arrive so far) in her career.
Nadie imaginaba que Sofia llegaria tan lejos en su carrera.
To go as far as
In the argument, Mario went so far as (arrived at) to insult his boss.
En la discusion Mario llego a insultar a su jefe.
Excuse me. Can you tell me where the library is?
Perdona. ¿Me puedes decir dónde está la biblioteca?
Is there a restaurant nearby?
¿Por aquí cerca hay un restaurante?
Excuse me, do you know any cafés in this area?
Disculpe, ¿conoce algún café por esta zona?
How far is the park from here?
¿A cuánto está el parque de aquí?
Is this the way to downtown?
¿Este es el camino hacia el centro?
I’m looking for the pharmacy
Estoy buscando la farmacia
I need to find a bank
Necesito encontrar un banco
I’m looking for the subway entrance (station)
Busco la parada del metro
North
South
East
West
Norte
Sur
Este
Oeste
Right
Left
Derecha
Izquierda
Straight ahead
Forward
Backward
Derecho
Adelante
Atrás
In front
Far
Near/Close
En frente
Lejos
Cerca de
Next to (to the side)
Inside
Outside
Al lado
Adentro
Afuera
On the corner
Upstairs
Downstairs
En la esquina
Arriba
Abajo
Across from ( in front of)
Beside (together at)
On this side (from this side)
On that side (from the other side)
En frente de
Junto a
De este lado
Del otro lado
Straight ahead
Forward,
to advance, to move forward
We need to move the project forward.
I’m going to set my watch five minutes ahead.
Backward
In front
Derecho
Adelante
Adelantar
Necesitamos adelantar el proyecto.
Voy a adelantar mi reloj cinco minutos.
Atrás
En frente
To translate
Conjugate the present tense
Traducir
Yo traduzco
Tú traduces
Él/Ella/Usted traduce
Nosotros/Nosotras traducimos
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes traducen
