Common Pathologies Flashcards
Define Osteoarthritis
A condition that causes joints to become painful and stiff
What are the symptoms of Osteoarthritis
- Swelling
- Tenderness
- Grating or Crackling sound when moving the affected joints
What typical patient group does Osteoarthritis affect?
- Age: Late 40’s to mid 50’s
- Sex: Women
How does Osteoarthritis appear on an x-ray?
- Joint space narrowing
- Formation of osteocytes
- Articular surface cortical irregularity and sclerosis
Define Rheumatoid Arthritis
A long term condition that causes pain, swelling and stiffness in the joints
What are the symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis?
- Joint Pain - Usually morning or after inactivity
- Stiffness
- Swelling
- Warmth & Redness
- Tiredness, Lack of Energy
- High Temperature
What typical patient group does Rheumatoid Arthritis affect?
- Age: Between 30 - 50
- Sex: Mostly women
How does Rheumatoid Arthritis appear on X-ray?
- Marginal Erosions
- Soft Tissue Swelling
- Osteoporosis
Define Paget’s Disease
When the bone disrupts the normal cycle of bone renewal, causing bones to become weakened and possibly deformed
What are the symptoms of Paget’s Disease?
- Bone or Joint Pain
- Skin feeling warm over affected bone
- Changes in bone shape
- Shooting pains travelling through the body
What typical patient group is affected by Paget’s Disease?
- Age: Older than 50
- Sex: Men are more commonly affected
How does Paget’s Disease appear on X-ray?
- Bone Breakdown
- Enlargement of the bone and deformities
Define a Pneumothorax
A collapsed lung this occurs when air leaks into the space between the lung and chest wall
What are the symptoms of a Pneumothorax?
- Sharp, Stabbing chest pains
- Shortness of breath
- Blueish skin caused my lack of Oxygen
What is the typical patient group affected by a Pneumothorax?
- Age: 20 - 30 yrs of age
- Sex: Males who are tall and slim
How does a Pneumothorax appear on X-ray?
A region of lucency (dark) around the edge of the lungs
Define Pleural Effusion
The accumulation of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura, called the pleural cavity
What are the symptoms of a Pleural Effusion?
- Chest Pains which worsen as they cough
- Cough
- Fever and Chills
- Hiccups
What is the typical patient group affected by a Pleural Effusion?
- Age: 21 - 30 yrs of age
- Sex: Males
How does a Pleural Effusion appear on X-ray?
- Dependent opacity with a meniscus-shaped contour
Define Osteosarcoma
A type of bone cancer that usually develops in the osteoblast cells the form bone
What are the symptoms of Osteosarcoma?
- Pain in affected bone
- Swelling around the affected side
- Increased pain with activity or lifting
What is the typical patient groups affected by Osteosarcoma?
- Age: 10 - 30 yrs of age
- Sex: Young Adults, Higher in Males than Females
How does Osteosarcoma appear on X-ray?
- Sun-burst Appearance
- Periosteal Lifting with formation of Codman’s Triangle
Define Multiple Myeloma
A type of bone marrow cancer
What are the symptoms of Multiple Myeloma?
- Persistent Bone Pain
- Tiredness, weakness, shortness of breath -Anaemia
- High Levels of Calcium in blood - causes extreme thirst, stomach pain
What typical patient group is affected?
- Age: Over 60
- Sex: Male
How does Multiple Myeloma appear on X-ray
Multiple, Small, Well-circumscribed, Lytic, Punched Out, Round Lesions within the Skull, Spine and Pelvis
Define Osteoporosis
- A health condition that weakens bones making them fragile and more likely to break
What are the symptoms of Osteoporosis?
- Weak Bones
- Severe Back Pain
- Loss of Height
What is the typical group affected by Osteoporosis?
- Age: 50 & over
- Sex: Mostly Female
How does Osteoporosis appear on X-ray?
- Bones appear low in density
