Common Medications Flashcards
Acetaminophen
antipyretic non-opioid analgesic
life threatening side effects: acute generalized exanthematous puslosis, stevens-johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, hepatotoxicity
nursing considerations: alcohol and drug usage, skin and pain assessment
education: take as directed, avoid alcohol, discontinue if rash occurs
evaluation: pain and fever reduction
Ibuprofen
antipyretic, antirheumatic, nonopioid analgesic, NSAID
common side effects: constipation, dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, headache
life threatening side effects: HF, MI, stroke, drug rxn with esopinophilia, exfoliative dermatitis, stevens-johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, GI bleeding, hepatitis
nursing considerations: alcohol and drug usage, skin and pain assessment
education: take as directed, avoid alcohol, discontinue if rash occurs
Oxycodone
opioid analgesic, agonist
common side effects: constipation, confusion, sedation
life threatening side effects: respiratory depression, central sleep apnea and sleep-related hypoxemia
nursing considerations: pain assessment, BP, pulse, and respiration assessment, assess risk for opioid addiction/abuse/misuse, HIGH ALERT
evaluation: decrease in severity of pain w/o significant alteration in LOC or respiratory status
Metformin
antidiabetic, biguanide
common side effects: abdominal bloating, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, low B12
life threatening side effect: lactic acidosis
nursing consideration: assess for ketoacidosis or lactic acidosis, when combined with sulfonylureas observe for SS and hypoglycemic rnx, hold if pt is stable and exposed to stress, fever, trauma, infection, or surgery
evaluation: control of blood glucose levels w/o hypoglycemic episodes, if no response after 4 wks an oral sulfonylurea may be added
Gabapentin
analgesic adjuncts, anticonvulsants
common side effects: ataxia, confusion, depression, dizziness, drowsiness
life threatening side effects: stevens-johnson dyndrome, rhabdomyolysis, suicidal throughts
nursing consideratiosn: monitor closely for change in behavior that could indicate worsening SI or depression, respiratory depression symptoms
evaluation: decreased frequency of cessation of seizures, decreased postherpeutic neuralgia pain, increased mood stability, decreased effects of restless leg syndrome, decreased intensity of neuropathic pain, decreased frequency of migraine headaches
Levothyroxine
synthetic thyroid hormone
common side effects: angina, arrhythmias, sweating, abdominal cramps, hyperthyroidism, weight loss, headache, insomnia
nursing considerations: assess bp and pulse, assess for tachyarrhythmia and angina, instruct pt to take as directed
evaluation: resolution of symptoms of hypothyroidism and normalization of hormone levels
Heparin
anticoagulant, antithrombotic
common side effects: anemia
life threatening side effects: bleeding and HIT
nursing interventions: assess for signs of bleeding and hemorrhage, unusual bruising, black/tarry stools, hematuria, drop in HCT or BP, advise pt to report any symptoms of unusual bleeding or bruising
evaluation: prolonged partial thromboplastin tine (PTT) of 1.5 to 2.5 times the control without signs of hemorrhage, prevention of DVT
Enoxaparin
anticoagulant, antithrombotics
common side effects: bleeding, anemia
nursing considerations: assess for signs of bleeding and hemorrhage, unusual bruising, black/tarry stools, hematuria, drop in HCT or BP
evaluation: prevention of DVT and PE, treatment of acute ST-segment elevation MI, resolution of acute DVT
Apixaban
anticoagulant, factor Xa inhibitor
life threatening side effects: bleeding and anaphylaxis
nursing interventions: when converting from warfarin d/c warfarin and start apixaban when INR is <2.0, when converting between other anticoagulants d/c one and begin the otherat the next scheduled dose, administer twice daily w/o regard to food, teach pt: take as directed, take missed dosages as soon as remembered but do not take double doses, pt may bruise and bleed easier
evaluation: reduction in risk and treatment of stroke and systemic embolism
Clopidogrel
antiplatelet, platelet aggregation inhibitors
life threatening side effects: DERM (acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis), drug rash w/ eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, steven’s johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, GI bleeding, bleeding neutropenia, thrombotic thrombocytopenia, hypersensitivity reaction
nursing consideration: take once daily, d/c before surgery, do not use in pregnancy, notify if signs of bleeding, red/black stools, cough, or vomit blood
evaluation: prevention of stroke, MI, and vascular death in pts at risk
pantoprazole
anti-ulcer, proton pump inhibitors
common side effects: cutaneous lupus erythematosus, hyperglycemia, hypomagnesemia, abdominal pain, diarrhea eructation, flatulence, fundic gland polyps, acute tubulointerstital nephritis, B12 deficiency, bone fx, headache
life threatening side effects: c.diff associated diarrhea, anaphylaxis, angioedema, tubulointerstitial nephritis
nursing considerations: assess for epigastric or abdominal pain
