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SHMC EDS > COMMON MEDICAL CONDITIONS (DISEASES) > Flashcards

COMMON MEDICAL CONDITIONS (DISEASES) Flashcards

1
Q

a condition in which “plaque” builds up on the walls of the blood vessels; worsened by a diet high in cholesterol

A

atherosclerosis

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2
Q

a condition caused by atherosclerosis that reduces the blood flow through the coronary arteries (and thus oxygen delivery) to the heart muscle

A

coronary artery disease (CAD)

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3
Q

a term used to describe sudden reduced blood flow to one or more coronary arteries that can result in cardiac muscle death if left untreated

A

acute coronary syndrome (ACS)

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4
Q

chest pain caused by an inadequate blood supply to the heart muscle

A

angina

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5
Q

a condition in which blood flow and oxygen in one or more of the coronary arteries is PARTIALLY BLOCKED causing chest pain

A

unstable angina

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6
Q

a condition in which blood flow and oxygen in one or more of the coronary arteries is suddenly COMPLETELY BLOCKED; this results in heart muscle death.

A

myocardial infarction (MI)

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7
Q

a sudden blockage of a coronary artery WITH EKG findings significant for ST segment elevation

A

ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)

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8
Q

a sudden blockage of a coronary artery WITHOUT EKG findings significant for ST segment elevation

A

Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI)

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9
Q

an abnormality in the physiological rate or rhythm of the heart

A

cardiac dysrhythmia

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10
Q

an abnormal heart rhythm arising from aberrant electrical activity in the heart; originates at or above the AV node

A

supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)

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11
Q

an irregular and often very fast heart rate originating from abnormal conduction in the atria

A

atrial fibrillation (A-fib)

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12
Q

an abnormal heart rhythm that arises from improper electrical conduction in the ventricles

A

ventricular fibrillation (V-fib)

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13
Q

a condition in which the heart cannot pump blood well enough to meet the body’s needs resulting in build-up of fluid in the extremities and/or lungs

A

congestive heart failure (CHF)

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14
Q

high blood pressure

A

hypertension (HTN)

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15
Q

high lipid levels

A

hyperlipidemia

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16
Q

high cholesterol levels

A

hypercholesterolemia

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17
Q

an infection of the upper respiratory tract caused by bacteria or viruses (aka common cold)

A

upper respiratory tract infection (URI)

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18
Q

an infection of the upper respiratory tract caused by influenza viruses (aka flu)

A

influenza

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19
Q

an inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes

A

bronchitis

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20
Q

an inflammation/infection of one or both lungs

A

pneumonia

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21
Q

excess fluid that accumulates in the pleural cavity and can impair breathing by limiting the expansion of the lungs

A

pleural effusion

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22
Q

the presence of pus in the respiratory (or body) cavity

A

empyema

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23
Q

an abnormal collection of air in the pleural space which can cause all or part of the lung to collapse

A

pneumothorax (PTX)

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24
Q

an abnormal accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity

A

hemothorax (HTX)

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25
Q

a chronic inflammatory lung disease in which airways become inflamed, resulting in excess mucous production and airway narrowing

A

asthma

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26
Q

a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow in the lungs and is not fully reversible; this is often associated with years of smoking

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

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27
Q

a blood clot in one or more of the pulmonary arteries

A

pulmonary embolism (PE)

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28
Q

a blood clot in the deep venous system of the arms or legs which can break off and cause a pulmonary embolism

A

deep venous thrombosis (DVT)

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29
Q

inflammation of appendix (generally caused by infection)

A

appendicitis

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30
Q

inflammation of the lining of the stomach

A

gastritis

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31
Q

acid reflux (aka heartburn)

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

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32
Q

inflammation/infection of the stomach and intestines which causes nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea

A

gastroenteritis

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33
Q

pain in the gallbladder caused by gallstones obstructing bile flow

A

biliary colic

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34
Q

inflammation/infection of the gallbladder

A

cholecystitis

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35
Q

the presence of stones in the gallbladder (gallstones)

A

cholelithiasis

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36
Q

gallstone that become stuck in the bile ducts

A

choledocholithiasis

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37
Q

inflammation of the pancreas

A

pancreatitis

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38
Q

inflammation of the liver

A

hepatitis

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39
Q

liver disease; a chronic degenerative disease in which normal liver cells are damaged and replaced by scar tissue

A

cirrhosis

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40
Q

fluid in the peritoneal cavity, most often caused by liver cirrhosis or tumors

A

ascites

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41
Q

blockage in the intestinal tract

A

small bowel obstruction (SBO)

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42
Q

finger-like projections in the large intestine called diverticuli

A

diverticulosis

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43
Q

inflammation/infection of diverticuli requiring antibiotic treatment

A

diverticulitis

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44
Q

bleeding in the upper or lower GI tract

A

gastrointestinal bleed (GI bleed)

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45
Q

swollen veins in the lower rectum

A

hemorrhoids

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46
Q

a stroke (two types: ischemic or hemorrhagic)

A

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

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47
Q

a stroke caused by sudden BLOCKAGE of a blood vessel in the brain

A

ischemic CVA (stroke)

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48
Q

a stroke caused by a sudden BLEED in the brain

A

hemorrhagic CVA (stroke)

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49
Q

bleeding within the subarachnoid space, an area between brain and thin tissues that cover the brain; usually caused by a ruptured brain aneurysm or AVM (arteriovenous malformation)

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)

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50
Q

stroke-like symptoms that completely resolve in less than 24 hours; it only lasts a few minutes and it occurs when blood flow to the brain is briefly interrupted

A

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

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51
Q

paralysis of the facial nerve (CN VII), causing muscular weakness to one side of the face; it can be confused with a stroke

A

Bell’s Palsy

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52
Q

uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain that may cause physical convulsions

A

seizure

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53
Q

psychogenic non-epileptic seizures that can be either organic or psychogenic (faking seizures)

A

pseudoseizure

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54
Q

inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord, most often caused by a bacterial or viral infection

A

meningitis

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55
Q

inflammation of the brain tissue, usually caused by an infection

A

encephalitis

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56
Q

inflammation of the skin

A

dermatitis

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57
Q

bacterial skin infection

A

cellulitis

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58
Q

a collection of pus that forms in the tissues, organs, or spaces inside the body

A

abscess

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59
Q

superficial fungal infection of the skin

A

tinea

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60
Q

inflammation around hair follicles

A

folliculitis

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61
Q

infection of skin around nail beds

A

paronychia

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62
Q

chronic autoimmune skin disease with large scaly patches of skin

A

psoriasis

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63
Q

contagious bacterial skin infection that appears as fluid filled blisters

A

impetigo

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64
Q

most common form of skin cancer

A

basal cell carcinoma

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65
Q

most dangerous form of skin cancer

A

melanoma

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66
Q

skin cancer (2nd most common) can involve organs

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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67
Q

unexplained hair loss or balding

A

alopecia

68
Q

ringing in the ears

A

tinnitus

69
Q

middle ear infection

A

otitis media

70
Q

outer ear infection

A

otitis externa

71
Q

ear pain without infection

A

otalgia

72
Q

inflammation of the mastoid bone

A

mastoiditis

73
Q

disorder of the inner ear, causing vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss

A

Meniere’s Disease

74
Q

inflammation of the inner ear canals

A

labrynthitis

75
Q

inflammation/infection of pharynx

A

pharyngitis

76
Q

inflammation of the epiglottis

A

epiglottitis

77
Q

collection of infected pus surrounding tonsils

A

peritonsillar abscess

78
Q

connective between the mandible and skull

A

temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

79
Q

double vision

A

diplopia

80
Q

bulging of the eyes out of the sockets

A

proptosis

81
Q

inflammation of membrane lining the eyes (seen with pink eye)

A

conjunctivitis

82
Q

damage to the center of the retina

A

macular degeneration

83
Q

damage to the retina due to long-term diabetes

A

diabetic retinopathy

84
Q

disease resulting in damage to the optic nerve and vision loss

A

glaucoma

85
Q

a metabolic disease that causes abnormally high blood sugar levels (often CHILD-ONSET, insulin dependent)

A

diabetes mellitus I (DMI)

86
Q

a metabolic disease that causes abnormally high blood sugar levels (often ADULT-ONSET, related to obesity)

A

diabetes mellitus II (DMII)

87
Q

a life threatening condition in which abnormally high blood sugar causes ketone production and results in acidosis

A

diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

88
Q

low blood glucose levels

A

hypoglycemia

89
Q

high blood glucose levels

A

hyperglycemia

90
Q

insufficient production of thyroid hormones

A

hypothyroidism

91
Q

high sodium levels

A

hypernatremia

92
Q

low sodium levels

A

hyponatremia

93
Q

high potassium levels

A

hyperkalemia

94
Q

low potassium levels

A

hypokalemia

95
Q

low calcium levels

A

hypocalcemia

96
Q

high calcium levels

A

hypercalcemia

97
Q

abrupt decline of the kidney’s ability to function

A

acute renal failure

98
Q

slow loss of kidney function over time

A

chronic kidney disease

99
Q

complete (or almost complete) failure of kidney function

A

end stage renal disease

100
Q

an infection of any part of the urinary system

A

urinary tract infection

101
Q

infection/inflammation of the kidneys due to bacterial infection

A

pyelonephritis

102
Q

kidney stone

A

nephrolithiasis

103
Q

a kidney stone that is stuck in the ureter and causes pain

A

ureterolithiasis

104
Q

benign enlargement of the prostate gland

A

benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

105
Q

infection/inflammation of the prostate

A

prostatitis

106
Q

infection/inflammation of the urinary bladder

A

cystitis

107
Q

long-term inflammation of the bladder, often not involving infection

A

interstitial cystitis

108
Q

involuntary leakage of urine

A

urinary incontinence

109
Q

inability to urinate or fully empty the bladder

A

urinary retention

110
Q

infection and inflammation of the epididymis

A

epididymitis

111
Q

inflammation of one or more of the testicles

A

orchitis

112
Q

a condition in which the spermatic cord suddenly twists and can cut off the blood supply to the testicles causing death

A

testicular torsion

113
Q

absence of a menstrual period

A

amenorrhea

114
Q

severe uterine pain with menstruation

A

dysmenorrhea

115
Q

abnormal uterine bleeding (irregular or excessive)

A

dysfunctional uterine bleeding

116
Q

an abnormal pregnancy in which the fertilized egg implants outside of the uterus

A

ectopic pregnancy

117
Q

excessive vomiting in early pregnancy

A

hyperemesis gravidarum

118
Q

pain fluid-filled lump just inside the entrance to the vagina that develops from the blockage of the Bartholin’s Gland

A

Bartholin’s cyst/abscess

119
Q

a disorder in which tissue that normally lines the uterus grows outside the uterus causing chronic abdominal pain

A

Endometriosis

120
Q

venereal diseases passed from one person to another through sexual contact

A

sexually transmitted infections (STI)

121
Q

a severe infection of the female reproductive organs usually caused by an STI

A

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

122
Q

an inflammation of the vagina that can result in discharge, itching, and pain

A

vaginitis

123
Q

an abnormally low red blood cell count (RBC); and low hemoglobin and hematocrit

A

anemia

124
Q

failure of bone marrow to make enough white bone cells

A

neutropenia

125
Q

low platelets in the blood

A

thrombocytopenia

126
Q

too many platelets in the blood

A

thrombocytosis

127
Q

cancer of the blood-forming tissues

A

leukemia

128
Q

cancer of the lymphatic system

A

lymphoma

129
Q

cancer of plasma cells in the bone marrow

A

multiple myeloma

130
Q

a blood-clotting disorder in which blood does not clot normally and can cause excessive bleeding

A

hemophilia

131
Q

a blood-clotting disorder in which red blood cells form an abnormal crescent shape under stress and cause abnormal clotting

A

sickle cell anemia

132
Q

bacterium that causes severe diarrhea

A

Clostridium Difficile (C. Diff)

133
Q

infectious bacterial disease characterized by the growth of nodules in body tissue, especially the lungs

A

tuberculosis (TB)

134
Q

the main cause of herpes (sores around the mouth or genitals)

A

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)

135
Q

painful blistering skin rash due to varicella-zoster virus

A

Herpes Zoster

136
Q

a virus that causes respiratory tract infections, often in children who have bronchitis

A

respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

137
Q

a virus that attacks the immune system and causes a deficiency in T-cells

A

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

138
Q

a complete or partial break in a bone

A

fracture

139
Q

a broken bone that maintains its proper alignment

A

non-displaced fracture

140
Q

a broken bone that moves so it’s ends are no longer lined up

A

displaced fracture

141
Q

a broken bone that is fragmented into a number of pieces

A

comminuted fracture

142
Q

occurs when excessive pressure builds up inside an enclosed space in the body, often due to bleeding and/or swelling from an injury

A

compartment syndrome

143
Q

a separation between the clavicle and the scapula, causing shoulder pain

A

acromioclavicular joint separation (AC joint separation)

144
Q

inflammation of the Achilles tendon causing severe pain

A

Achilles tendonitis

145
Q

a type of arthritis that occurs when flexible tissue at the end of bones wear done

A

osteoarthritis

146
Q

an inflammation or infection of the bone

A

osteomyelitis

147
Q

a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the joints, including those in the hands and feet

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

148
Q

a form of arthritis in which defective metabolism of uric acid causes uric acid to build-up in joints and causes pain

A

gout

149
Q

inflammation of the cartilage that connects the rib to the sternum

A

costochondritis

150
Q

pain affecting the back, hip, and outer side of the leg caused by compression of the sciatic nerve

A

sciatica

151
Q

a condition in which damaged skeletal muscle breaks down rapidly and releases breakdown products (myoglobin) into the bloodstream

A

rhabdomyolysis

152
Q

widespread muscle pain and tenderness that is diagnosed by a specialist once other serious disorders have been excluded

A

fibromyalgia

153
Q

a mood disorder that causes persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest in daily activities

A

depression

154
Q

a mood disorder marked by periods of great excitement, euphoria, delusions, and over-activity

A

mania

155
Q

a mood disorder marked by alternating period of mania and depression

A

bipolar disorder

156
Q

a psychiatric diagnosis which may cause hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, or extremely disordered thinking an behavior

A

schizophrenia

157
Q

a psychiatric diagnosis characterized by recurring episodes of various moods and loss of touch with reality; a combination of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

A

schizoaffective disorder

158
Q

thoughts of suicide

A

suicidal ideations

159
Q

thoughts of homicide

A

homicidal ideations

160
Q

hearing and seeing things that are not really there

A

auditory and visual hallucinations

161
Q

brain disease marked by memory disorders, personality changes, and impaired reasoning (often seen in elderly patients and gets worse over time); 60-70% of cases are caused by Alzheimer’s disease

A

dementia

162
Q

a sudden disturbed state of mind that occurs in fever, intoxication, and other disorders and is characterized by restlessness, illusions, and incoherence of thought and speech

A

delirium

163
Q

Tylenol overdose

A

acetaminophen toxicity

164
Q

Aspirin overdose

A

salicylate toxicity

165
Q

an inflammation of the bronchioles, often associated with a viral infection and usually seen in children less than 2 years old

A

bronchiolitis

166
Q

inflammation of the larynx and trachea in young children, often associated with a viral infection

A

croup

167
Q

benign tumors that develop in uterus and can cause pain and abnormal bleeding

A

uterine fibroids

SHMC EDS (9 decks)

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