Common Lab Values, Sig Codes, and Other Medical Terms

Question 1

BUN

[Lab Values for a Basic Metabolic Panel]

Answer 1

6 to 20 mg/dL

Question 2

CO2 (carbon dioxide)

[Lab Values for a Basic Metabolic Panel]

Answer 2

23 to 29 mmol/L

Question 3

Creatinine

[Lab Values for a Basic Metabolic Panel]

Answer 3

0.8 to 1.2 mg/dL

Question 4

Glucose

[Lab Values for a Basic Metabolic Panel]

Answer 4

64 to 100 mg/dL

Question 5

Serum chloride

[Lab Values for a Basic Metabolic Panel]

Answer 5

95 to 105 mmol/L or mEq/L

Question 6

Serum potassium

[Lab Values for a Basic Metabolic Panel]

Answer 6

3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L or mmol/L

Question 7

Serum sodium

[Lab Values for a Basic Metabolic Panel]

Answer 7

135 to 145 mEq/L or mmol/L

Question 8

Serum calcium

[Lab Values for a Basic Metabolic Panel]

Answer 8

8.5 to 10.2 mg/dL

Question 9

White blood cell (WBC) normal range

[Lab Values for a CBC]

Answer 9

Adult: 5,000-10,000/mL

Question 10

Hemoglobin normal range
(male and female values)

[Lab Values for a CBC]

Answer 10

Male (ages 15+): 13.0 - 17.0 g/dL
Female (ages 15+): 11.5 - 15.5 g/dL

Question 11

Hematocrit normal range
(male and female values)

[Lab Values for a CBC]

Answer 11

Male: 40 - 55%
Female: 36 - 48%

Question 12

Platelet count normal range

[Lab Values for a CBC]

Answer 12

Adult: 150,000 - 400,000/mL

Question 13

AST

[Liver function tests]

Answer 13

5-35 mg/dL

Question 14

ALT

[Liver function tests]

Answer 14

5-55 mg/dL

Question 15

PO

Answer 15

oral

[enteral administration]

Question 16

NG

Answer 16

nasogastric tube

[enteral administration]

Question 17

PR

Answer 17

rectal

[enteral administration]

Question 18

IV

Answer 18

intravenous

[parenteral administration]

Question 19

IM

Answer 19

intramuscular

[parenteral administration]

Question 20

SQ

Answer 20

subcutaneous

[parenteral administration]

Question 21

SL

Answer 21

sublingual (under tongue)

[parenteral administration]

Question 22

Buccal

Answer 22

between cheek and gums

[parenteral administration]

Question 23

ophthalmic

Answer 23

eyes, dose measured in drops (gtt)

[local/topical administration]

Question 24

otic

Answer 24

ears, measured in drops (gtt)

[local/topical administration]

Question 25

QD

Answer 25

once daily

Question 26

BID

Answer 26

twice daily

Question 27

TID

Answer 27

three times daily

Question 28

QID

Answer 28

four times daily

Question 29

QAM

Answer 29

every morning

Question 30

QHS

Answer 30

every night

Question 31

DC

Answer 31

discontinue

Question 32

Cap

Answer 32

capsule

Question 33

Tab

Answer 33

tablet

Question 34

Supp

Answer 34

suppository

Question 35

GTT

Answer 35

drops

Question 36

Elix

Answer 36

elixer

Question 37

Susp

Answer 37

suspension

Question 38

TBSP

Answer 38

tablespoon

Question 39

TSP

Answer 39

teaspoon

Question 40

AD

Answer 40

ear right

Question 41

AS

Answer 41

ear left

Question 42

AU

Answer 42

both ears

Question 43

OD

Answer 43

eye right

Question 44

OS

Answer 44

eye left

Question 45

OU

Answer 45

both eyes

Question 46

D5W

Answer 46

Dextrose 5% in water

Question 47

NS

Answer 47

normal saline

Question 48

LR

Answer 48

lactated ringers

Question 49

idiosyncratic reaction

Answer 49

we don’t know why this reaction occurred

Question 50

Anaphylaxis

Answer 50

Severe allergic reaction with hives, tongue or throat swelling, shortness of breath. Epinephrine is an antidote and diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and/or corticosteroids are usually helpful

Question 51

Agonist

Answer 51

a drug stimulates a receptor causing an effect

Question 52

Antagonist

Answer 52

a drug blocks another drug or natural chemical preventing an effect

Question 53

Partial agonist/antagonist

Answer 53

a drug that blocks another drug from stimulating a receptor but inherently produces a slight effect

Question 54

Pharmacokinetic drug interaction

Answer 54

One drug changing the drug concentrations (Cmax, AUC) of another drug. Pharmacokinetic is ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination)

Question 55

Pharmacodynamic drug interaction

Answer 55

One drug accentuates (potentiates) or attenuates (antagonizes) another drug's effect without changing the Cmax or AUC of another drug

Question 56

Cytochrome P450 System

Answer 56

System that metabolizes many drugs in the liver (and small intestine). Creates active or inactive metabolites.

Question 57

Off Label

Answer 57

Drug being used for a purpose other than the FDA approved indication

Question 58

Therapeutic Range/Therapeutic Window

Answer 58

the concentrations between the minimum effective and minimum toxic concentration

Question 59

1 tsp (teaspoon) conversion to mL

Answer 59

5 mL

Question 60

1 tbsp (tablespoon) conversion to mL

Answer 60

15 mL

Question 61

20 gtts (drops) conversion to mL

Answer 61

1 mL

Question 62

1 gram (g) conversion to mg

Answer 62

1000 mg

Question 63

1 liter (L) conversion to mL

Answer 63

1000 mL

Question 64

1 kg = 1000g = conversion to pounds

Answer 64

2.2 lbs

Question 65

5% solution (weight/volume)

Answer 65

= 5 g of drug of interest in a total 100 mL of solution

Question 66

5% powder (weight/weight)

Answer 66

= 5 g of drug of interest in a total of 100 g of powder

Question 67

5% solution (volume/volume)

Answer 67

= 5 mL of drug of interest in a total volume of 100 mL of solution

Question 68

% strength in weight/volume

Answer 68

= weight of drug of interest in g divided by total volume per 100mL

Question 69

% strength in weight/weight

Answer 69

= weight of drug of interest in g divided by total weight of 100 g of powder

Question 70

% strength in volume/volume

Answer 70

= volume of drug of interest in mL divided by total volume of 100 mL

Question 71

5 Steps of Patient Centered Pharmacist Care

Answer 71

1. [Collect] Collect subjective and objective evidence 2. [Assess] Assess the objective (labs, x-rays, ECGs, BP, Tumor markers, cultures, etc) and subjective (pain, throbbing, anxiety, sadness, etc) evidence looking for drug related problems 3. [Plan] Develop a plan to address the drug related problems 4. [Implement] Implement the plan in concert with other health professionals 5. [Follow-up: Monitor and Evaluate] Evaluate the patient outcomes and adjust if necessary by going back through the process

Question 72

Schedule I (C-I): LSD, Marijuana, Heroin, Synthetic Cathinones

Answer 72

Drugs Illegal to possess or sell

Question 73

Schedule II (C-II): Opioids, ADHD stimulants

Answer 73

High potential for abuse

Question 74

Schedule III (C-III): Opioid + acetaminophen or opioid + NSAID products, ketamine, testosterone products

Answer 74

Moderate Potential for abuse

Question 75

Schedule IV (C-IV): Benzodiazepines, carisoprodol (Soma)

Answer 75

Lower potential for abuse