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Common infections AB Flashcards

1
Q

What is the incubation period of Influenza?

A

1-3 days

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2
Q

Antigenic shift - what does this cause in a population?

A

Pandemic

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3
Q

Antigenic drift - what does this cause in a population?

A

Annual epidemic

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4
Q

What are some extra-pulmonary sequelae of influenza?

A

MyositisGBSEncephalitisReye syndrome- mostly influenza B + aspirin

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5
Q

Meningococcal meningitis - what is the treatment?

A

IV Benpen 1.8g 4 hourly (short course)Cipro if type 1 penicillin hypersensitivity

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6
Q

Meningococcal meningitis - what is the mortality?

A

7% (on treatment)

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7
Q

N meningitidis - what is the microbiology?

A

Gram negative diplococci(neiserria = negative)

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8
Q

Meningococcal meningitis - what is the incubation period?

A

2-10 days

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9
Q

Pneumococcal meningitis - what is the treatment?

A

Empiric - Ceph + VancLow MIC (

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10
Q

L monocytogenes meningitis - what is the incubation?

A

Long - up to 6 weeks

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11
Q

L monocytogenes meningitis - what is the treatment?

A

Benpen (resistant to Ceph)Resistant: TMP/SMX

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12
Q

Cryptococcal meningitis - what is the treatment?

A

Induction: Amphoterecin B + FlucytosineConsolidation: FluconazoleMinimum 10 weeks therapy

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13
Q

Hib meningitis - what is the treatment?

A

Ceftriaxone for 7 days(+ Benpen for 7 days if susceptible)

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14
Q

Steroids - what is the proven efficacy in meningitis?

A

Hib - hearing loss in childrenPneumococcus - mortality benefitNo benefit in meningococcal.

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15
Q

Diffuse erythematous rash - what are some infective causes?

A

Scarlet fever (strep)Toxic shock syndrome (staph or strep)Staph scalded skin syndromeDengueEnterovirus

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16
Q

Purpuric rash - what are some infective causes?

A

MeningococcusGonococcusStaph sepsisDengueHBVEnterovirusRickettsial infection

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17
Q

Cellulitis - what are the associated exposures with:- Dog/cat bite- Fresh water- Sea water- Immunocompromised- Shell fish- Other water exposure

A
  • Dog/cat bite - pasturella- Fresh water - aeromonas (esp males with cirrosis/cancer)- Sea water - vibrio- Immunocompromised - clostridia- Shell fish - erisepelothrix- Other water exposure - mycobacterium marinum
18
Q

Necrotising fasciitis - what is empiric therapy?

A

MeropenemPenicillinClindamycin

19
Q

Hyposplenism - name some causes

A

Haematologic disorders- CLL, sickle cell, lymphomaSplenic irradiationhigh dose steroidsCoeliac diseaseBone marrow transplant- Especially if GvHD

20
Q

Name 4 encapsulated organisms

A

St pneumoniaeN meningitidisH influenzaeCapnocytophaga carimorus

21
Q

Toxoplasmosis - what is the treatment?

A

Pyrimethamine/folinic acid and sulfadiazine or clindamycinc

22
Q

Zygomycosis - what is the treatment?

A

Debridement and amphotericin (lipid formulations)

23
Q

Varicella - what is the incubation period?

A

10-21 days

24
Q

Schistosomiasis - which organism infects the urinary tract?

A

S haematobium

25
Q

Schistosomiasis - which organisms infect the bowel?

A

S masonii, S japonicum, S intercalatum

26
Q

Schistosomiasis - what is the typical clinical picture?

A

Days: pruritic rashWeeks later: febrile illnessMonths/years later: fibrotic response in urinary tract or gut Chronic infection: colitis, portal HT, urolithiasis, SCC bladder

27
Q

Schistosomiasis - what is the management?

A

Praziquantel

28
Q

Ascariasis - what sort of organism?

A

Helminthic (most common human)

29
Q

Ascariasis - what is the management?

A

Mebendazole, pyrantel pamoate

30
Q

Melioidosis - what is the organism?

A

Burkholderia pseudomallei

31
Q

Melioidosis - what are the risk factors for infection?

32
Q

Melioidosis - what are the clinical manifestations?

A

PneumoniaAbscesses (spleen, prostate)Osteomyelitis, septic arthritisSkin and soft tissue infectionHigh mortality if sepsis

33
Q

Melioidosis - what is the management?

A

Ceftazadime, Carbapenem(GCSF in sepsis)

34
Q

H pylori and gastric adenocarcinoma - which molecules/genes are involved?

A

CagA geneVacuolating cytotoxin (vacA)

35
Q

HPV - which strains are most likely to cause cervical cancer?

36
Q

EBV and Burkitt’s lymphoma - which chromosome is affected?

A

Chromosome 8 translocation - deregulation of c-MYC oncogene

37
Q

EBV - what are the associated malignancies?

A

Burkitt’s lymphomaHodgkin’s lymphomaNHL in immunocompromisedNasopharyngeal carcinoma

38
Q

HHV-8 - what are the associated malignancies?

A

Kaposi sarcomaPrimary effusion lymphomaMulti-centric Castleman’s disease

39
Q

Schistosomiasis - what is the associated malignancy?

A

SCC of the bladder

40
Q

What is the Jarish-Herxheimer reaction?

A

Fever and transient exacerbation of constitutional symptoms from sudden release of bacterial products from injured or killed bacteriaSeen with tertiary syphilis, brucellosis, enteric fever, schistosomiasis.

Infectious Disease AB (11 decks)

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