Common Infections

Question 1

Lower UTI

Answer 1

bacterial cystitis causing frequency, urgency, and dysuria

Question 2

upper UTI

Answer 2

bacterial pyelonephritis. pyelonephritis is an infection of the upper urinary tract. symptoms, in addition to those for lower UTI, may include flu-like symptoms, pyrexia, tachycardia, nausea, backache, abdominal pain and tenderness over the CVAT area.

Question 3

asymptomatic bacteria

Answer 3

excess bacteria are present but no symptoms are evident

Question 4

why is it believed why women are more at risk to UTIs

Answer 4

the short length of the urethra and the close proximity to the rectal area. `

Question 5

Why does a clean catch need to be midstream to prevent contamination

Answer 5

In health urinary tract is usually sterile, apart from the distal region of the urethra, which may be colonized with commensal organisms, such as periureteral and fecal organisms.

Question 6

what are the physiological changes of pregnancy that increase risk of UTI

Answer 6

• increased glucose excretion with glycosuria [a good medium in which bacteria can grow]
  elongation and dilation of the uterus and physiological hydronephrosis
• decreased bladder tone as pregnancy advances, leading to urinary stasis
• change in the angle at which the ureters enter the bladder, causing urine reflux