COMMON HOSTS

Question 2

What does aspiration introduce into the lungs?

Answer 2

Oral flora

The oral cavity is rich in a variety of bacteria, including gram-negative organisms, which can cause pneumonia if aspirated into the lungs.

Question 3

Why are unhoused individuals vulnerable to infections caused by gram-negative bacteria?

Answer 3

Exposure to contaminated environments, poor hygiene, inadequate access to medical care

These factors contribute to their increased risk of infections.

Question 4

How does chronic alcohol use disorder affect the immune system?

Answer 4

Weakens immune defenses, impairs cough reflex, increases likelihood of aspiration

These effects make individuals more prone to infections caused by gram-negative organisms.

Question 5

What are some consequences of impaired liver function due to alcohol use?

Answer 5

Compromised immune response, increased risk of opportunistic infections

This further heightens susceptibility to infections.

Question 6

What factors increase the risk of TB in unhoused individuals?

Answer 6

Overcrowded living conditions, poor nutrition, lack of access to healthcare, close contact with TB-infected individuals

These conditions facilitate airborne transmission.

Question 7

How does alcoholism contribute to the development of active TB?

Answer 7

Impairment of the immune system, malnutrition, co-morbidities

These factors weaken the body’s defenses against infections.

Question 8

Does aspiration directly cause TB?

Answer 8

No

Aspiration of contaminated material can increase the risk of secondary infections like pneumonia, which may complicate latent TB.

Question 9

What can trigger latent TB to become active?

Answer 9

Secondary infections like pneumonia

This is particularly relevant for individuals already infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.