Common Functional Groups

Question 1

Alkene

Answer 1

Carbon double-bonded to another Carbon

Question 2

Alkyne

Answer 2

Carbon triple-bonded to another Carbon

Question 3

Arene or Aromatic Compound

Answer 3

6 Carbons in a ring, alternating between double and single bonds

Question 4

Alkyl Halide

Answer 4

[F, Cl, Br or I] single-bonded to a Carbon

Question 5

Alcohol

Answer 5

OH single-bonded to a Carbon

Question 6

Phenol

Answer 6

6 Carbon ring with alternating double and single bonds, with an OH attached to one of the Carbons

Question 7

Thiol

Answer 7

SH single-bonded to a Carbon

Question 8

Ether

Answer 8

An Oxygen with 2 single bonds attached to Carbons

Question 9

Acetal

Answer 9

Carbon with 2 ORs attached with single bonds

*R = undefined carbon-based structural fragment

i.e. other Carbon-based molecules attached

Question 10

Hemiacetal

Answer 10

Carbon with an OH and OR attached (single bonds)

*R = undefined carbon-based structural fragment

i.e. other Carbon-based molecules attached

Question 11

Epoxide

Answer 11

Two Carbons single bonded to an Oxygen in a triangle shape

Question 12

Amine

Answer 12

Carbon single bonded to a Nitrogen

*Nitrogen has 2 other bonds attached

Question 13

Nitrile

Answer 13

Cabon single-bonded to another Carbon which is triple-bonded to a Nitrogen

Question 14

Ketone

Answer 14

Oxygen double-bonded to a Carbon, which is single bonded to 2 other Carbons

Question 15

Aldehyde

Answer 15

Oxygen double-bonded to a Carbon which is single-bonded to a Hydrogen

Question 16

Carboxylic Acid

Answer 16

Oxygen double-bonded to a Carbon which is single-bonded to an OH

Question 17

Ester

Answer 17

Oxygen double-bonded to a Carbon which is single-bonded to an Oxygen that is single-bonded to an R

*R = undefined carbon-based structural fragment

i.e. other Carbon-based molecules attached

Question 18

Amide

Answer 18

Oxygen double-bonded to a Carbon which is single-bonded to a Nitrogen