Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Musculoskeletal > Common Elbow and Wrist Conditions > Flashcards

Common Elbow and Wrist Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

How does a medial epicondyle fracture result in ulnar claw?

A
  • Damages the ulnar nerve
  • There will be a loss of sensation over the medial 1 and 1/2 fingers of the hand, on both the dorsal and palmar surfaces.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Dislocated elbow

A

Cause: FOOSH
Common in: Children and young adults
Symptoms: Pain, deformity and loss of function
Mostly posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pulled elbow

A

Subluxation of radial head/ ‘Nursemaid’s elbow’
Subluxation from annular ligament
Cause: Longitudinal traction along extended arm
Common in: 2-5 yrs
Symptoms: Reduced movements/ later pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Olecranon bursitis

A

Inflammation of bursa due to trauma or friction = ‘student’s elbow’
Presentation: Soft, cystic and transilluminates (shows its cystic not cellular)
Cosmetic concerns
Can become infected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Colles fracture

A

Fracture of distal radius +/- ulna

Dorsal displacement and angulation, shortening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Smiths fracture

A

Fracture of distal radius +/- ulna

Palmar displacement and angulation, shortening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Scaphoid fracture

A

Cause: FOOSH
Common in: Teens and 20s’
Symptoms: Tenderness in anatomical snuffbox
Hard to see on X-rays
Delayed presentation
Limited blood supply - poor healing and avascular necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where do the flexor muscles originate from?

A

The flexor muscles originate from the medial epicondyle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the cause of Volkmann’s ischaemic contracture?

A

Distal fracture of humerus - Direct damage, or swelling can cause interference to the blood supply of the forearm from the brachial artery. The resulting ischaemia can cause Volkmann’s ischaemic contracture – uncontrolled flexion of the hand, as flexor muscles become fibrotic and short. There also can be damage to the median, ulnar or radial nerves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the difference between tennis elbow and golfers elbow?

A

Typically, tennis players experience pain in the lateral epicondyle from the common extensor origin. Golfers experience pain in the medial epicondyle from the common flexor origin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does a supracondylar fracture occur?

A

A supracondylar fracture occurs by falling on a flexed elbow. It is a transverse fracture, spanning between the two epicondyles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are golfers/tennis elbow?

A

Sportspersons can develop an overuse strain of the common tendon – which results in pain and inflammation around the area of the affected epicondyle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the initial management of an elbow dislocation?

A
  • Sling or spintage
  • Analgeisa
  • NVT assessment (nerve, vessel, tendon distal to fracture)
  • X-Ray
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the definitive management of an elbow dislocation?

A
  • Closed reduction under sedation to relocate joint
  • Reassess NVT stability
  • Immobilisation
  • Re-X-ray
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the prognosis of someone with an elbow dislocation?

A

Good outcome if simple
Stiffness
Recurrent instability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Supracondylar fracture of distal humerus

A

FOOSH
Normally age 5-7
Pain, marked swelling, bruising, no function
Neuromuscular compromise

17
Q

What are the complications that may arise from a supracondylar fractures of the distal humerus?

A

Neurovascular injury
Late deformity (cubitus valgus/varus)
Late neuropathy

18
Q

Radial head/neck fracture

A

FOOSH
Commonest elbow fracture
Lateral pain/ modest swelling/ loss of range
Occult fracture (not visible on imaging)
Fat pad sign

19
Q

What is the treatment for a radial head/neck fracture?

A
  • Sling and early range of motion if minimally displaced
  • Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF)
  • Replacement of head
20
Q

What is the treatment for subluxation of the radial head?

A
  • Closed reduction = procedure to set a broken bone without surgery = manipulation of bone
  • Sling (spontaneous resolution)
21
Q

Elbow osteoarthritis

A
  • Degenerative disease of articular cartilage
  • Primary or secondary (post traumatic)
  • More common in males
  • Stiffness tolerated well esp. loss of extension
22
Q

Supracondylar fracture of distal humerus

A

Cause: FOOSH
Common in: Age 5-7
Symptoms: Pain, marked swelling, bruising, no function
Complications: Neuromuscular compromise

23
Q

Elbow rheumatoid arthritis

A

Systemic autoimmune disease
Commonest inflammatory arthropathy
Lining of the synovial membrane develops into a large mass of tissue (pannus) which leads to joint destruction.
Symptoms: Symmetrical polyarthropathy with morning stiffness

24
Q

What is lateral elbow tendinopathy?

A

Lateral epicondylitis/ tennis elbow
- Degenerative tendinopathy - common extensor origin
Cause: repetitive activity
5th-6th decades

25
Q

Radial head/neck fracture

A

Cause: FOOSH
Symptoms: Lateral pain/ modest swelling/ loss of range
Occult fracture (not visible on imaging)
Fat pad sign

26
Q

What are rheumatoid nodules?

A
  • Extra-articular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis
  • Cosmetic concerns
  • Treatment: treat the underlying disease
27
Q

What is the treatment for olecranon bursitis?

A

Aspiration +/- injection

Surgery

28
Q

What is gouty tophi?

A

Disorder of nucleic acid metabolism leading to hyperuricaemia (build up of sodium urate crystals)

29
Q

Fracture of distal radius +/- ulna

A

FOOSH

Pain/swelling/ ‘dinner fork’ deformity

30
Q

What is the treatment for a scaphoid fracture?

A

POP cast - forearm or scaphoid

Surgery if displaced

31
Q

What is ulnar nerve neuropathy?

A
  • ‘Cubital tunnel sundrome’
  • Compressive neuropathy of ulnar nerve at elbow (beware of compression at wrist or neck)
  • Paraesthesiae, numbness and weakness
  • Hypersensitive ‘funny bone’
32
Q

How do you treat ulnar nerve neuropathy?

A
  • Splintage

- Decompression +/- anterior transposition of nerve

33
Q

When should you consider surgery for elbow conditions?

A

If the outcome is better than nature

Failure of non-operative treatment

Musculoskeletal (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions