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Chiro Y4 - Diagnosis & Management > Common drugs > Flashcards

Common drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Felodipine

A

Calcium Channel Blocker
indication: hypertension
common side effect: cough

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2
Q

Salbutamol

A

Asthma reliever
“blue pump”
indication: asthma, COPD

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3
Q

Pulmicort

A

Budesonide corticosteroid inhaler
indication: asthma, COPD

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4
Q

Tiotropium

A

Bronchodilator
indication: asthma, COPD

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5
Q

Prednisolone

A

Steroid
indication: autoimmune conditions, incl: allergies, blood disorders, inflammatory processes, infections, certain cancers, prevent transplant organ rejection

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6
Q

Goserelin

A

luteinising hormone blocker
indication: prostate cancer, breast cancer

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7
Q

Carboplatin IV

A

chemotherapy treatment for different types of cancer

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8
Q

Cyclizine

A

anti-sickness tablets
indication: motion sickness, post-surgery, Ménière’s disease, before chemo therapy

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9
Q

MST

A

NSAID, Salicylate
Morphine sulphate
indication: prolonged relief of severe & intractable pain

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10
Q

Atorvastatin

A

Statin
indication: high cholesterol

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11
Q

Ramipril

A

ACE inhibitor
indication: hypertension

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12
Q

Bisoprolol

A

Beta Blockers
indication: hypertension

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13
Q

Sulfasalazine

A

Aminosalicylate, NSAID
Indication: ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, other IBDs, RA

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14
Q

Methotrexate

A

Immunosuppressant & reduces inflammation
indication: RA, Psoriasis, Crohn’s disease

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15
Q

Folic acid

A

supplement
indication: anemia (folate deficiency), pregnancy (prevent spina bifida and other NT defects)
helps body make RBC

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16
Q

Lithium

A

Mood stabiliser
indication: mood disorders such as mania, hypomania, depression (if other treatments have failed), bipolar disorder

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17
Q

Olanzapine

A

antipsychotic
indication: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder

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18
Q

Ibandronic acid

A

Bisphosphonates
works by reducing activity of osteoclasts, reducing amount of calcium lost from bone to help blood levels return to normal
indication: myeloma, secondary cancer (mets)
Bisphosphonates are used to treat high calcium levels in blood from mets, bone weakness or pain caused by (breast) cancer which has metastasised

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19
Q

Adcal D3

A

OTC supplement
indication: Calcium or Vit D deficiency, osteoporosis
CONTRAINDICATED for hypercalcaemia from myeloma or bone metastasis

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20
Q

Omeprazole

A

Proton pump inhibitor
indication: heartburn, indigestion

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21
Q

Types of asthma medication

A

relievers and preventers

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22
Q

Reliever’s of asthma

A

immediate relief for chest tightness and SOB
main one: Salbutamol

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23
Q

How does Salbutamol work?

A

Acts on Beta-2-Receptors in the lungs, causes relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle and inhibits mast cells releasing hypersensitivity cell mediators

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24
Q

Salbutamol - Contraindications

A

hypersensitivity, in some cases milk protein allergy

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25
Asthma - Long Term Control medication
corticosteroids, immcunomoulators, leukotriene modifiers, long acting beta agonists (LABAs)
26
Inhaled corticosteroids
asthma medication, most potent, consistently effective anti-inflammatory fewer side effects than oral corticosteroids regular use reduces need for quick relief medication delay in actions
27
Working mechanism of inhaled corticosteroids
1. reverses structural changes due to asthma (airway remodelling), including the increased vascularity of the bronchial wall 2. down regulate pro inflammatory proteins
28
Less common meds for asthma
Immunomodulators, Leukotriene modifiers, long acting beta androgenic agonists (LABAAs)
29
Immunomodulators
used for asthma, RA, Crohn's injectible medication to decrease inflammation used when corticosteroids are not effective target specific aspects of inflammatory response: IgE, Cytokines, Eosinophils
30
Leukotriene Modifiers
Leukotriene receptor antagonists - block action of leukotriene used for asthma and COPD
31
Long Acting Beta Androgenic Agonist
similar to salbutamol, block beta 1 receptors used for asthma
32
Thrombosis medication subdivisions:
venous thromboembolism, arterial thromboembolism
33
Venous thromboembolism
common may cause PE or mortality as a result of a post phlebitic limb increases in prevalence over age of 50, diagnosis often missed
34
Aim of treatment of DVT / venous thromboembolism
1. allow normal circulation in the limbs, prevent damage to vein valves 2. prevent PE 3. prevent reoccurrence
35
Most common cause of maternal death?
Pulmonary embolism
36
Venous Thromboembolism Anticoagulants
Heparin, oral anticoagulants (warfarin)
37
Heparins
Anticoagulant (DVT) usually IV or subcutaneous Side effects: significant risk of bleeding
38
Warfarin
Anticoagulant (DVT) Side effects: severe bleeding, red/brown urine, black stools, severe headache
39
Arterial Thromboembolism
acute MI is the most common cause of acute arterial thrombosis may be transient (TIA) stroke mc caused by atherothromboembolism from the great vessels or from an embolism arising from the heart associated with vascular injury (most likely due to the atheroma)
40
Arterial thromboembolism affecting a limb
usually lower limb often presents with sudden onset of pain in the limb w loss of peripheral pulses and coldness of the affected limb
41
Arterial thromboembolism medications
Aspirin, Clopidogrel, Dipyridamole
42
Aspirin
reduces production of thromboxane well absorbed orally Side effects: GI irritation, may induce asthma
43
Clopidogrel
inhibits platelet aggregation particularly used for individuals with atherosclerotic disease good alternative to aspirin
44
Dipyridamole
used in conjunction with oral anticoagulants for prophylaxis of thromboembolism associated with prosthetic heart valves also used as prevention of Strokes and TIAs Side effects: GI issues, flushing, hypotension
45
Anxiety medication
Beta-blockers (off-label), SSRIs, Antipsychotic Drugs, Benzodiazepines
46
Beta Blocker's
hypertension medicaiton off-label use: anxiety example: propranolol
47
SSRI
Selective Serotonin Reuptake inhibitor particularly associated with depression takes 2-4 weeks to take effect example: citalopram, escitalopram, sertraline, fluoxetine
48
Antipsychotic drugs
particularly in association with severe anxiety disorders associated with panic attacks example: chloropromazine
49
Benzodiazepines
short term management as long term: drug withdrawal more commonly used for insomnia
50
Affective disorders
Depression, Bipolar disorder
51
Depression
low mood, loss of interest or please in normally enjoyable activities, no energy, anxiety, agitation, somatic system complaints (gastric issues, non-specific aches), reduced sexual drive, excessive sleeping & eating behaviour
52
Anti-depressant medication
can also be used for: OCD, GAD, PTSD SSRIs SNRIs NASSAd TCAs SARIs MAOIs
53
SNRI
anti-depressant medication Serotonin- Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors examples: duloxetine, venlafaxine, milnacripran
54
NASSAd
anti-depressant medication Noradrenaline & Specific Serotonergenic Antidepressants
55
TCAs (+mechanism)
Tricyclic Antidepressants also used to treat neuropathic pain mechanism: block the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine , act on post synaptic alpha cholinergic (alpha 1&2) receptors examples: amitriptyline, clomipramine, lofepramine, imipramine
56
SARIs
Serotonin Antagonists & Reuptake inhibitors
57
MAOIs
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
58
Treatment of T2DM
depends on: degree of hyperglycemias, weight, age, renal function medication available: Metformin, Repaglinide, Thiazolidinediones, Alpha-glucose inhibitors
59
Fasting glucose levels and interpretation
7-11 mmol: need dietary advice and tailored exercise 12-17 mmol: may be treated successfully with diet an Doral hypoglycaemic agents initially, but often require insulin in the medium term >17 mmol: will most likely require insulin
60
Metformin
useful in obese pts as it doesn't cause weight gain acts directly and indirectly on the liver to lower glucose production
61
Statins
mc cholesterol lowering drugs used to aid lowering but first: diet (reduce saturated and trans fats, increase fibre, plant sterols), stop smoking, exercise examples: atorvastatin, cerivastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin
62
Cholesterol
essential for human life important component of cell membranes lipophilic molecule -> transported in the blood alongside triglycerides inside lipoprotein particles
63
LDL
Low density lipoprotein, aka "bad" cholesterol majority of body's cholesterol, high levels increase risk of heart disease and stroke increases risk for premature atherosclerotic CV disease
64
HDL
High density lipoprotein, aka "good" cholesterol absorbs cholesterol in blood, carries it to liver, liver flushes it out high HDL levels LOWER risk for heart disease and stroke
65
Statins working mechanism
1. blocking binding site of HMG-CoA which limits the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway 2. increase the clearance of peripheral LDL's 3. improve endothelial function 4. stabilise atherosclerotic plaques 5. anti-inflammatory & antithrombotic effects
66
Statin Side effects
Statin associated muscle pain major reason for statin discontinuation
67
Contraceptive medication options
combined estrogen & progesterone pill (Yasmin, marvelon, microgynon) progesterone only pill (Femulen, Micronor, Norgeston) Contraceptive patches Contraceptive Injections Contraceptive Implant Coil
68
Hormone Replacement Therapy
Estrogen therapy in the form of: oral, transdermal (patches), gel, subcutaneous (implants)
69
Gabapentin
epilepsy medication, off-label use for nerve pain particularly used in diabetic neuropathy and shingles takes weeks to take effect, can be addictive, needs to be tapered off to avoid withdrawal
70
Gabapentin mechanism
epilepsy: stops seizures by reducing abnormal heightened activity in the brain neuropathic pain: (does not block GABA), thought to have an inhibitory effect on pain based on neuropathic pain models
71
Gabapentin Side effects
usually none some: tired, sleepy, dizzy (resolve by themselves) not advised in: pregnancy, history of drug addiction or misuse, kidney disease pts

Chiro Y4 - Diagnosis & Management (5 decks)

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