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General Practice > Common Conditions Update > Flashcards

Common Conditions Update Flashcards

1
Q

Asthma

  1. You suspect Brittle asthma. Which PEF corresponds
A

● Brittle Asthma = Peak Flow 40% diurnal variation

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2
Q
  1. Moderate Asthma

Which PEF corresponds

A

● Moderate Asthma = Peak Flow > 50% - 75%

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3
Q
  1. Acute / Severe Asthma

Which PEF corresponds

A

● Acute Severe Asthma = Peak Flow 33% - 50%

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4
Q
  1. Life Threatening Asthma

Which PEF corresponds

A

● Life Threatening Asthma = Peak Flow <33%

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5
Q

secondary prevention following MI?

A 
Medical Management?
●  Aspirin 75mg OD
●  ACEi (esp. if angina + DM)
●  Statins: simvastatin 40mg
●  Antihypertensives
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6
Q

Options to help patient stop smoking

A 
Stop smoking
●  - Specialist nurse
●  - Nicotine replacement 
●  - Bupropion,
●  - Verenicline
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7
Q

Give potential medical causes of tiredness in a girl aged 16 (Hint think of a must not miss cause)

A 
Differentials for tiredness
●  Diabetes
●  Anaemia
●  Depression 
●  Anxiety
●  Insomnia
●  Early Pregnancy
●  Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
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8
Q

How do you definitively diagnose lung cancer in a suspected patient?

A

Diagnosis lung cancer

contrast-enhanced chest CT scan

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9
Q

What is the most common type of lung cancer

A

Most Common LC

NSCLC

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10
Q

How do you manage Small Cell LC initially

A

SCLC initial Mgx:

4-6 cycles of cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy

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11
Q

How do you manage Non Small Cell LC Stage 1 and 2

A

NSCLC Mgx

Lobar Resection

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12
Q

Which type of lung cancer has a worse prognosis?

A

Worse prognosis

SCLC

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13
Q

What are the sub groupings of NSCLC?

A

NSCLC

  • adenocarcinoma
  • squamous cell
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14
Q

What is the most common subtype of lung cancer

A

Common NSCLC

- adenocarcinoma

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15
Q

How do you definitively diagnose colorectal cancer in a suspected patient without a major comorbidity?

A

Diagnosis young healthy colorectal cancer

Colonoscopy

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16
Q

How do you definitively diagnose colorectal cancer in a suspected patient if they have a major comorbidity?

A

Diagnosis colorectal cancer for patient with major comorbidity
Flexible Sigmoidoscopy + barium enema

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17
Q

What does Triple Assessment involve?

A

Triple Assessment

Clinical assessment
Mammography
USS imaging
Core Biopsy + FNA

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18
Q

Domestic Violence

What is it?

A

Any behaviour within an intimate relationship that causes physical, psychological or sexual harm

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19
Q

Syphilis

How do I know I have it?

A

Syphilis

presenting complaint of rash + fever
examination finding of lymphadenopathy

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20
Q

Syphilis

What is it?

A

Syphilis

Infection by microorganism called spirochaete
Treponema pallidum

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21
Q

Syphilis

Management

A

Syphilis

benzathine benzylpenicillin 2.4 mega unit injection into the buttocks

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22
Q

HIV

Investigation?

A

HIV

Antibody PCR Test + p24 test

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23
Q

HIV

Treatment

A

HIV

2 NRTI + NNRTI / Boosted Protease inhibitor

nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor

protease inhibitor

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24
Q

Hepatitis B

Igx

A

HBsAg = ongoing infection, either acute or chronic if present > 6 months

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25
Q

Hepatitis B Chronic infection treatment

A

Hepatitis B Chronic infection

Mgx
- pegylated interferon-alpha

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26
Q

Migraine

Presentation
PC?

A

Migraine

  • Prodrome of visual loss
  • Severe unilateral or bilateral headache with a pulsatile quality.
  • Nausea + Vomiting + sensitivity to light
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27
Q

Migraine

Management-
5) What medications can be given 1st line in an acute situation

A

Migraine

Medical Management-
1st line oral triptan,
NSAID
propranolol

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28
Q

Otitis Media

When should you prescribe antibiotics?

A

Otitis Media

●Atbx for otitis media = age < 2 yr + bilateral otitis media

29
Q

Glandular Fever

Investigation
Diagnostic Test?

A

Glandular Fever

Investigation
NICE guidelines suggest FBC and Monospot in the 2nd week

30
Q

Glandular Fever
Management

Do you need to treat it?

A
  • rest
  • fluid, avoid alcohol
  • simple analgesia for any aches or pains
  • avoid playing contact sports

self-resolves 2-4 weeks

31
Q

Influenza

How is the flu jab different for children?

A

Influenza

children flu jab = live

32
Q

Substance Misuse

First line medications for opioid abuse NICE?

A

Substance Misuse

first-line treatment for opioid detoxification = methadone
buprenorphine

33
Q

Diabetes

Investigation to confirm Diabetes for symptomatic patient WHO?

A

Diabetes

ONCE fasting glucose > 7.0 mmol/l

OR

ONCE random glucose > 11.1 mmol/l

OR

after 75g oral glucose tolerance test blood glucose > 11.1 mmol/l

34
Q

Diabetes

Investigation to confirm Diabetes for asymptomatic patient is ?

A

Diabetes

TWICE fasting glucose > 7.0 mmol/l on TWO separate occasions

OR

random glucose > 11.1 mmol/l

35
Q

Diabetes

T2DM first line med

A

Diabetes

first-line T2DM med = metformin

36
Q

Diabetes

T1DM insulin regimen

A

Diabetes

bi-basal insulin detemir

+

rapid‑acting insulin before meals

37
Q

Anaemia

Macrocytic normoblastic anaemia differentials?

A

Anaemia

Macrocytic normoblastic anaemia differentials

alcohol
liver disease
hypothyroidism
pregnancy

38
Q

Anaemia

Microcytic Anemia differentials?

A

Anaemia

iron-deficiency anaemia
thalassaemia*

39
Q

Anaemia

Macrocytic megaloblastic anaemia differentials?

A

Anaemia

Macrocytic anaemia

vitamin B12 deficiency
folate deficiency

40
Q

Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism PC

A

Hypothyroidism

Weight gain 
Lethargy
Cold intolerance
also constipation Menorrhagia
Dry Skin
41
Q

Hypothyroidism

Gold standard Igx?

A

Hypothyroidism

TFT Blood Test

42
Q

Hypothyroidism

TFT pattern for Primary Hypothyroidism?

A

Hypothyroidism

Primary Hypothyroidism

LOW T4
HIGH TSH

43
Q

Hypothyroidism

TFT pattern for Secondary Hypothyroidism?

A

Hypothyroidism

Secondary Hypothyroidism

LOW T4,
LOW TSH

44
Q

Hypothyroidism

TFT pattern for Subclinical Hypothyroidism?

A

Hypothyroidism

Subclinical Hypothyroidism

NORMAL T4
HIGH TSH

45
Q

Emergency Contraception

Name two emergency contraceptive pills?

A

Emergency Contraception

Levonelle-1
(Levonorgestrel)
48 hours Emergency

ellaOne
Ulipristal Acetate
48 hours Morning After

46
Q

Emergency Contraception

What is the deadline for taking the emergency pill?

A

Emergency Contraception

72 hours

47
Q

Emergency Contraception

What dose for taking the emergency pill - Levonelle-1
(Levonorgestrel)?

A

Emergency Contraception

1.5 mg single dose

48
Q

Emergency Contraception

What is the deadline for taking the Morning after pill?

A

Emergency Contraception

120 hours

49
Q

Emergency Contraception

What dose for taking the morning after pill ellaOne

A

Emergency Contraception

300 mg

50
Q

Emergency Contraception

Alternative to pills (Gold Standard)?

A

Emergency Contraception

Copper Coil

51
Q

Emergency Contraception

First choice emergency contraceptive pill

A

Levonorgestrel

Levonelle-1

52
Q

Management Heartburn no redflags hint trial of common

A

trial PPI for one month
then try h pylori test
if still not then try endoscopy

53
Q

Heartburn presentation things that make it worse hint 4 things hint position shx

A

worse after a meal
worse after lying down
worse after alcohol
worse after smoking

54
Q

Dyspepsia exacerbating hint ibuprofen

A

Dyspepsia is associated with NSAID use

55
Q

Differentials heartburn

common and red flag hint oesophagitis

A

Oesophagitis

Oesophageal cancer

56
Q

Systems relevant in SR for heartburn hint pregnancy

A

Cardiac GI pregnancy and respiratory and neuro

57
Q

Red flags of heart burn

A 
pain swallowing
difficulty swallowing 
nausea vomit colour
change in appetite
feeling full early 
weight loss 
dark stools 
waking up to wee
58
Q

Stricture causing heartburn medical name?

A

achalasia

59
Q

CAncer of the oesaophagus differentials

A

barrets

coeliac

60
Q

Management heartburn

A

lifestyle
meals
alcohol
smoking

Information
leaflets

Medication
antacids such as gaviscon
PPI trial for 1 month or 2 months

61
Q

Management heartburn

A

lifestyle
meals
alcohol
smoking

Information
leaflets

Medication
antacids such as gaviscon
PPI trial for 1 month or 2 months

refer to specialist
2 week wait
do a follow up

62
Q 
Management fo red flag heartburn
bleedinig
anaemia
weight loss
difficulty swallowing
pain swallowing
persistent vomiting
mass
barium meal
A

urgent referral

63
Q

Igx in secondary care

A

1 endoscopy
2 barium meal
3 oesophagus pH
4 h pylori

64
Q

Diarrhoea

A 
Gastroenteritis
antibiotics
IBS
IBD
Bowel CAncer
Overflow
Alcohol
Coeliac
DIverticular
SHort gut
65
Q

Diarrhoea key points

A 
Travel 
Diet
Antibiotics
Aching joints
Headache
Mucus
Blood
Pain
66
Q

Diarrhoea Igx

A 
Stool MCNS
CRP
FBC
LFT
TFT
Tissue tranglutaminase
UE
faecal elastase
FAecal calcipronectin
67
Q

Diarrhoea Mgx

A

Hand washing
No work for 72 hours
No school 48 hours

Oral rehydration
2 litres clear fluid
oral rehydratioin salts

stop diurectic
ACEi
NSAID

Meds
Loperamide
notify if food poisioning

68
Q

IBS key signs

A

relieved by defecationi
or bowel movement in general

diagnosis of exclusion

69
Q

IBS mgx

A 
Diet 
less fibre 
dietician
no caffeine
lots of clear fluid

lifestyle less stress

MEds
Anti spas mebeverine for bloating

anti dirrhoea for loperamide

TCA
for pain and diarrhoea

SSRI if TCA fails
linaclotide
for moderate to sever econstipation with IBS

General Practice (8 decks)

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