Common Cold Flashcards
Hi Dr which age group typically gets acute otitis media
Children age 10 and under
Hi Dr is the middle ear infection only caused by bacteria
Now it can also be caused by viruses
Hi Dr if I was in examining a child what signs would indicate a middle ear infection
Fever and poor feeding
Hi Dr I’ve just examined a child with a middle ear infection and I’m trying to describe my findings with the correct medical terminology
Middle ear infection you typically see a red bulging eardrum
Hi Dr I have just finished examining child with the middle ear infection do I need to give them an antibiotic
Not generally it is enough to give paracetamol and ibuprofen in an alternating regimen
Hi Dr I have just finished examining a 1 month old child who has a middle ear infection can I give her antibiotics
Yes because she is under 3 months
Hi Dr I’ve just finished examining a one year old child who has an ear infection in both ears can I give him antibiotics
Yes as bilateral symptoms is an indication to give antibiotics
Hi Dr what is the worst complication a child with an ear infection may go on to have
Meningitis
Hi Dr which medications do we generally give to children under 5 who are suffering with the temperature
Paracetamol and ibuprofen on an alternating basis are generally enough
Hi Dr I have just finished examining a 3 week old child I just wanted to check was I correct in taking the temperature from the ear
No in a child under 4 weeks you should use an electric thermometer under the armpit
Hi Dr I have just finished examining a 1 month old child and the respiratory rate was 50 is this normal
Yes children under 2 months old have a maximum normal respiratory rate of 60 beats per minute
Hi Dr I have just finished examining an 11 month old child with a respiratory rate of 45 is this normal
Yep children between 2 months and 12 months should have a respiratory rate less than 50
Hi Dr I have just finished the examining a 6 month old child his heart rate is 150 isn’t this too high
Notes for children under 1 year old there heart rate is expected to be around this range
Hi Dr at what age would you expect a child to have a respiratory rate closer to an adult
From age 9 onwards
Hi Dr I have just finished examining a 18 year old girl who regularly swings and has been complaining of earache is this more likely to be an external ear problem or a middle ear problems
Swimmers are generally more prone to external ear problems specifically otitis externa
Hi Dr I’m treating in 18 year old girl for otitis externa and I can’t remember which preparation I need to give her can you tell me
Give an aminoglycoside antibiotic and corticosteroid for one week
Hi Dr I have just seen a 8 year old boy I believe has tonsillitis his mum has asked me how long I expect it to last for I can’t remember can you tell me
One week
Hi Dr I have just finished an examination of a 13 year old boy who I believe has the common cold I checked his temperature took his pulse and did an ENT examination do I need to do a lymph node examination
Yes
Hi Dr I read that typically you wouldn’t give antibiotics for a sore throat unless it was a specific type of infection can you tell me which infection
If the patient meets 3 of 4 Centor criteria for a group a beta hemolytic strep infection then you can give antibiotics
Hi Dr I’m trying to remember all of the Centor criteria for group a beta haemolytic strep infection
I remember that tonsillar exudate, no cough and a history of fever were three of the four can you tell me what the last one was
Tender anterior cervical lymph nodes
Hi Dr I remember that there was a better criteria list then centor can you tell me what it was called
Feverpain criteria
Hi Dr I remember that one of the Centor criteria was the same as the feverpain criteria but I can’t remember which one can you tell me
No cough
Ok doctor so from what I understand the senthil criteria has four points where has the feverpain criteria has five points are any of these points similar
Yes both criteria include no cough and exudate
Hi Dr is there a way that I can more easily remember the feverpain criteria
But letters in pain give the criteria
For example a stands for attend rapidly
Hi Dr what does the I in the feverpain criteria stand for
Inflamed tonsils
Hi Dr what does a patient need to score on the feverpain criteria in order to get delayed antibiotics
Two out of three
Hi Dr what does a patient need to score on the feverpain criteria in order to get immediate to antibiotics
Four out of five
Hi Dr I have just seen a 10 year old child is number parts that she has had 6 previous episodes of tonsillitis this year do I need to refer urgently for a tonsillectomy
No you can consider referral but it wouldn’t be urgent
Hi Dr I have just seen a patient who has been complaining of a temperature fatigue and headache
when I did an examination of the lymph nodes I noticed there was some lymphadenopathy
ENT examination showed some redness towards the back of the throat
I feel confident that this is a case of glandular fever but I can’t remember if I need to prescribe any medication
No it is a self limiting illness analgesia and fluids are adequate management
Hi Dr I have just seen a 70 year old woman who is complaining of a really bad cough her past medical history she has type 2 diabetes and the history of congestive heart failure can I give her antibiotics immediately
Yes as she has met the criteria in terms of her past medical history and her age
Hi Dr how long would you normally expect a case of bronchitis to last for
3 weeks
Hi Dr it has come round to that time of year again when I’m seeing lots of patients complaining of fever headache aching limbs and general tiredness how many people need to have flu before it is considered an epidemic
1 in 500
Hi Dr I was sitting in with the GP for a patient who presented with fever headache aching limbs and general tiredness the GP also asked if the patient has recently travelled anywhere why is this a relevant question to ask
To help exclude a diagnosis of malaria
Hi Dr what type of virus is the influenza virus
Orthomyxovirus
Hi Dr how many types of influenza virus can infect humans
Three types H1N1 H2N2 H3N2
Hi Dr how many segments of RNA does the influenza orthomyxovirus contain
8 sections of RNA
Hi Dr instead of paracetamol why don’t we just give all the patients who get flu oseltamivir (tamiflu) or zanamivir (relenza)
You should only give these medications during an epidemic or a pandemic
Hi Dr how do oseltamivir and zanamivir work
They are neuraminidase inhibitors
Hi Dr what is the catch to using oseltamivir and zanamivir in the case of influenza
You have to give it within the first day of illness
Hi Dr which age group is the flu vaccine typically offered to
Everyone over age 65 and pregnant women
Hi Dr I have just seen a patient who I was about to give a flu vaccine jab to but then he’s told me that he has an egg allergy is this going to be a problem
The flu vaccine is contraindicated in patients with an egg allergy
Hi Dr I was doing some bedtime reading and discovered a neurological condition which means that these patients are contraindicated to getting a flu vaccine jab I can’t remember what the condition is called can you tell me
Guillain barre
Hi Dr I have just seen a 3 year old girl whose mum says that she has had this ear infection for a week now and it doesn’t seem to be improving can I move on to give antibiotics
Yes as it has been longer than 4 days and the symptoms and improving
Hi Dr if I do need to give a dose of tamiflu what does do I need to give
75 mg twice daily tablets
Hi Dr if I do need to give a dose of Zanamivir what would it be
5mg twice daily inhaled
Hi Dr a patient asked me if the influenza vaccine was a live vaccine what should I tell him
No it’s not
