Common conditions of the eye Flashcards
List of conditions contained within
- Cavernous Sinus Infection
- Coloboma
- Retinal Detachment
- Ptosis
- Inability to close the eye
- Stye
- Corneal ulcer & Dystrophy
- Cataract
- Glaucoma
How could cavernous sinus thrombosis occur from an eye condition? [2]
What serious sequelae could arise [1]
Could start with orbital cellulitis [1]
Infection spreads through the valveless emissary veins [1] to the cavernous sinus [1] and lead to thrombosis
Blindness is a risk from optic nerve pressure or thrombosis of its vessels
Can cause Horner’s syndrome
How would a cavernous sinus thrombosis present? [6]
Appearance on ophthalmoscope [1]
The eye would be swollen [1], red [1] and painful [1] from build up of venous blood.
Fever, lid swelling, reduced eye mobility
You could see swollen veins on an ophthalmoscope
What muscle disorder could cause your eye to drift upward in the adducted position?
The obliques handle elevation/depression in the adducted position.
If the sup oblique is paralysed then the normal balance between it and the inf would be out. Causing the inf to elevate the eye when its adducted.
What is a coloboma? [3]
A hole in a part of the eye e.g. Iris/retina/optic disc [1] in the shape of a keyhole. [1]
Caused by failure of the choroidal fissure [1] to close during embryological development
Retinal detachment Presentation [4] Describe the type of loss of vision Risk factors [4] At what layer does a retinal detachment occur? [1]
4F’s
- Floaters
- Flashes
- Field loss
- Fall in acuity
Painless loss of vision, curtain falling over vision; the curtain falls down as the lower half of the retina detaches upwards
RF:
- Myopia (long eyeball)
- Ocular surgery
- Trauma
- FMH or other eye RD
Detachment usually occurs between the potential space between the 9th and 10th layers of the retina
How do blunt trauma retinal detachments occur? [3]
Ophthalmoscope appearance [2]
The force of the trauma is transmitted to the eye and it causes peripheral tears [1] in the retina and liquidation of the vitreous gel [1] It then pushes through the retinal tear and causes it to detach [1]
Grey opalescent retina ballooning forward
Define Ptosis [1] and its cause [2]?
Drooping of the Eyelid
Usually due to paralysis of the Levator Palpebrae Superioris [1] or damage to the oculomotor nerve [1]
What could cause an inability to close the eyelid? [2]
Paralysis of the facial nerve, often comes with an ear infection
What happens to the eye if you cant close your eyelid? [2]
The cornea dries out and ulcerates.
This is especially bad when your asleep
Define a Stye/Hordeolum? [2]
A small painful lump on the inside or outside of the eyelid [1] usually pus filled abscess from a bacterial infection [1]
What are the types of stye? [4]
External Stye (Or Hordeolum Externum) - Due to blockage of sebaceous glands at the base of the eyelashes
Internal Stye (Or Hordeolum Internum) - Blockage of meibomian glands in the tarsal plate
What do meibomian glands do? [1] Where are they located? [1]
They’re in the tarsal plate of the eyelid
They make the oily layer of tear film
How do we treat a Stye? [4]
Warm compress
Eyelid Hygiene
May need surgical incision and curettage (scooping out)
(An external Stye may be solved by removing the affected lash)
