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YEAR 5 OSCE > Common Conditions Ix & Tx > Flashcards

Common Conditions Ix & Tx Flashcards

1
Q

Investigations and treatment for Myocardial Infarction?

A

ECG to diagnose

PCI or thrombolysis with alteplase

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2
Q

Secondary prevention for MI?

A

5 A’s:

Aspirin 7mg OD
Another antiplatelet for 12 months (clopidogrel or ticagrelor)
Atorvastatin
ACE inhibitor
Atenolol (or other BB)

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3
Q

LVF treatment and investigations?

A

BNP + CXR + ECHO + Bloods

Oxygen + diuretics + STOP IV fluids + Monitor fluid balance

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4
Q

Chronic HF treatment and investigations?

A

BNP + CXR + ECHO + Bloods

ACEi + Beta blocker
Add spirinolactone if not controlled
Annual influenza vaccine

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5
Q

Atrial Fibrillation treatment and investigations?

A

ECG

Beta blocker first line
CCB second line (don’t use in HF)

CHADVASC for anticoagulation, ORBIT for bleeding

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6
Q

Pneumonia treatment and investigations?

A

CXR + sputum culture + blood culture if sepsis picture

Follow local abx guidelines

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7
Q

Pulmonary Embolism treatment and investigations?

A

Perform Wells score, if > 4 do a CTPA
V/Q scan if renal impairment

DOAC (direct oral anticoagulant): apixaban or rivaroxaban
LMWH + Vit K / unfractionated heparin / LMWH in renal impairment

3 months in provoked PE, 6 months if cause unknown or untreatable cause, 6 months in cancer

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8
Q

AKI treatment and investigations?

A

Urinalysis +/- USS of urinary tract if obstruction

Fluid rehydration (if pre-renal cause)
Stop nephrotoxic medications (NSAIDs / ACEi’s etc)
Relieve the obstruction if obstructive

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9
Q

CKD treatment and investigations?

A

U&E’s + ACR + Dipstick +/- USS

Vitamin D analogue (calcitriol)
Low phosphate diet
Bisphosphonates if osteoporosis
Haematopoetin if anaemia

ACEi first line antihypertensive in CKD

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10
Q

Hyperkalaemia treatment and investigations?

A

ECG + U&E’s

Insulin infusion + dextrose + IV calcium gluconate

Nebulized salbutamol temp. puts K into cells
IV fluids can help wash out extra K
Dialysis if really severe

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11
Q

Renal cell carcinoma treatment and investigations?

A

CT thorax, abdo and pelvis

Radical or partial nephrectomy

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12
Q

Ascending cholangitis treatment and investigations?

A

MRCP + Bloods (LFT) +/- USS

Antibiotics +/- drainage

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13
Q

Diverticulitis treatment and investigations?

A

CT Abdo & Pelvis

Antibiotics and high fibre

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14
Q

hyperthyroidism treatment and investigations?

A

TFT’s

Carbimazole
Propylthiouracil 2nd line

May need beta blockers or thyroidectomy

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15
Q

Leukaemia treatment and investigations?

A

Bloods + blood film + bone marrow biopsy + lymph node biopsy + imaging for metastases

Radiotherapy +/- bone marrow transplant +/- Surgery

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16
Q

Suspected stroke treatment and investigations?

A

Admit to stroke centre + 300mg Aspirin for 2 weeks + CT head

17
Q

Confirmed stroke treatment and investigations?

A

Diffusion weighted MRI

Thrombolysis with alteplase

18
Q

Fibroids treatment and investigations?

A

TVUS

Mirena coil
Sx treatment with NSAIDs / tranexamic acid

Surgery - myomectomy

19
Q

Endometriosis treatment and investigations?

A

Laparoscopy

COCP (hormones 1st line)
NSAIDs & paracetamol

20
Q

Heavy menstrual bleeding treatment?

A

Contraception !!!!

Mirena coil 1st line

Tranexamic acid if not

21
Q

Pre-eclampsia treatment and investigations?

A

BP (> 140/90) + Urinalysis (protein +)

Labetalol is 1st line
Nifedipine 2nd line

22
Q

Possible complications of pre-eclampsia?

A

Eclampsia
Prematurity / growth restriction
Haemorrhage (abruption)
HF

23
Q

Placenta praevia treatment and investigations?

A

TVUS

Elective / emergency C-section

24
Q

Placental abruption management?

A

Foetal distress - immediate c-section

No foetal distress < 36 weeks steroids

If no foetal distress & at term vaginal delivery or elective caesarean

25
Q

Renal stones investigations and treatment?

A

Dipstick + U&E’s + CRP + Calcium
CT KUB

Most stones <5mm will pass
Shockwave lithotripsy
Ureteroscopy
Percutaneous nephrolithiotomy

26
Q

Pyelonephritis investigations and treatment?

A

MSU

Abx local guidelines

YEAR 5 OSCE (11 decks)

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