Common conditions and diseases Flashcards
Impetigo
Bacterial, contagious and painful scabs form which ooze and itch.
Conjunctivitis (pink eye)
Bacterial, If the condition is producing pus and isn’t caused by allergies it is contagious, it can be irritating.
Hordeolum (Stye)
Bacterial, Not contagious, it is an infection within the oil or lash glands on the eye
Furuncle/Boil
Bacterial, An infection that is formed around a hair follicle containing pus. Can be painful and contagious if pus falls into broken skin.
Carbuncle
Bacterial, A cluster of furuncles (boils) can be contagious if the pus got into broken skin.
Folliculitis
Bacterial, When the hair follicle is inflamed and bacteria enters the follicle. Can be contagious if caused by infectious agents like shared razors
Paronychia
Bacterial infection of the skin surrounding the nail mostly the cuticle area it is not contagious.
Herpes Simplex Virus
Contagious, transmitted through direct contact. Can cause fever blistering around the face and flu like symptoms in some cases.
Shingles/Herpes zoster
Viral infection that causes a painful, scabby rash on 1 side of the body, painful and contagious to others who may have had chicken pox.
Verrucae
Can be painful, Viral condition, small black dots with raised skin.
Warts
Viral condition, Raised lumps of skin typically skin coloured, contagious with close skin to skin contact. can be uncomfortable.
Tinea Corporis (Ringworm)
Circular rash, fungal infection red itchy and irritated. contagious through direct contact.
Onychomycosis (tinea unguium)
Fungal infection of the nails on most commonly the toes. It is contagious and spreads through shared towels, clothes or floors.
Tinea Pedis (athletes foot)
Fungal infection of the skin on the foot and in between the toes. Can spread on shared clothing, towels etc. and can spread to other areas of the body like the hand or other foot.
Scabies
Infestation, tiny mites burrow and lay eggs in the skin. Is highly contagious and spreads through direct contact (prolonged)
Pediculosis corporis (Body lice)
Infestation of body lice are contagious and spread through shared clothing or bedding and towels commonly in unhygienic living conditions.
Pediculosis capitis (Head lice)
Common contagious infestation of lice in the hair can be itchy and uncomfortable.
Milia
Sebaceous gland disorder, A milium cyst is a tiny white bump filled with keratin. happens when keratin is trapped under the skin. tend to resolve on their own. not harmful.
Comedones
Sebaceous gland disorder, Comedonal acne (multiple comedones) are essentially black heads found on the forehead and chin.
not contagious.
Seborrhoea
Is the condition where the sebaceous glands secrete excessive sebum (oil from skin). The name given for excessive oily skin.
Steatomas
Sebaceous gland disorder cyst typically caused by a blockage or deformation. not contagious can be caused by skin trauma also.
Sebaceous cyst
Sebaceous gland disorder, not contagious, can be painful or uncomfortable caused by damaged or deformed duct.
Acne Vulgaris
Sebaceous gland disorder, the term for acne which involves different types of skin lesions including comedones. Not contagious
Ephelides (Freckles)
Skin pigmentation disorder, Associated with genetics and commonly show up when you are out in the sun. Not harmful
Lentigines
A skin pigmentation disorder of a flat, pigmented lesion on the skin not painful or harmful but usually form due to sun damage and do not fade during the winter. Persistent.
Chloasma/Melasma
skin pigmentation disorder referred to as pregnancy mask or Melasma The overproduction of pigment causes tan or brown blotches on the skin typically the face not harmful nor contagious.
Vitiligo
Skin pigmentation disorder that is caused when the cells stop producing melanin (pigment) can be caused by immune system, family history or trigger event. Pale patches of skin, more noticeable on darker skin.
Albinism
A skin pigmentation disorder where your body will produce little to no melanin. it is caused by a gene mutation which can also cause blindness. not contagious.
Vascular Naevi
Skin pigmentation disorder, typically in the form of a red raised patch of skin two types with different forms are salmon patch and port-wine stain
Dilated Capillaries
Skin pigmentation disorder, Also known as spider veins or broken capillaries when blood stimulation is high and causes regular vasodilation causing the capillaries to stretch and widen causing them to be visible on the skin. found on the face primarily the cheeks.
Psoriasis
Is an abnormal growth of skin production where cells multiply up to 10x faster causing red, raised, scaly skin. They can be persistent and come and go. Not contagious but can be painful.
Seborrhoeic Warts
A skin condition involving abnormal growth, Causes are not fully understood but tend to involve sunlight exposure. over 90% of adults over 60 have at least one or more seborrhoeic wart. not contagious but can be uncomfortable.
Keloids
A skin condition caused by abnormal growth, is a smooth firm growth following a previous scar formation. It can happen soon after the initial injury of months later. They tend to way extend over the original size. not harmful or contagious but can be uncomfortable.
Verrucae Filliformis
Is essentially a verrucae with abnormal growth. These types of verrucae or wart tend to grow 2-3mm finger-like extensions. They are contagious and can be uncomfortable.
Hyperkeratosis
Hyperkeratosis is an abnormal growth condition that causes the skin to produce excess layers of keratin to protect and shield itself from pressure damage. or can form due to genetics includes warts, eczema, psoriasis etc. Umbrella term
Dermatitis
The term given for skin irritation. It has many causes and forms but typically shows as dry, flaky, itchy, red rash on the skin. Cannot spread and there are different types depending on the cause and appearance.
Eczema
Eczema has many different forms and causes but typically shows as an intensely itchy rash with flaky and inflamed skin. it can be persistent. not contagious but can be painful.
Urticaria (Hives)
Shows as a raised, red, itchy rash after you have made contact with a substance that has caused an allergic reaction. Typically goes away on its own.
Malignant tumours
When cells multiply uncontrollably and spread to other areas as it they grow. They can cause blockages and damage and can be fatal without or even with treatment in some cases.
Rosacea
skin condition that caused redness in the face can cause facial flushes and spots. Creams and different medications can be used to relieve symptoms
Beau’s Lines
Horizontal dipped lines in the nail plate typically caused by trauma which can be physical or disease related. Do not cause pain or harm but can be embarrassing. It can be evidence of an underlying issue
Koilonychia (Spoon nails)
A nail condition which causes the nails to bend in a way similar to a spoon, causes can be nutritional deficiency, autoimmune problem or environmental exposures. or an underlying issue.
Leukonychia
Harmless nail condition in which little white spots show up on the nail due to trauma to the nail or underlying issues.
Longitudinal furrows
Can be caused by deficiencies, physical trauma or illnesses. Can be a sign of an underlying issue. but can buff the nail to remove them.
Lamellar Dystrophy
Is the name given for when the layers of the nail separate or split. common with nail biters or people who wash their hands regularly. Seen paired with other slight nail damage such as nail furrows
Onychophagy
Nail biting. An oral compulsive habit of biting the skin around the nail or the nail itself. Can lead to other nail conditions such as paronychia.
Onycholysis (Nail bed seperation)
A white opaque area on the nail caused by the nail dethatching from the nail bed. causes include medication, trauma and skin diseases. You would have to wait for the nail to grow back to restore the damage.
Onychocryptosis (Ingrown Toenail)
Caused by a curved nail digging into the skin which can cause more damage left untreated. Can be painful and cause damage to the skin on your feet.
Onychogryphosis
Ram’s horns nails. Occurs when one side of the nail grows faster than the other often as a result of an underlying condition.
Onychomadesis
Nail condition which causes the nail to shed due to a halt of the matrix’s functions or other diseases such as hand foot and mouth. It will leave the nail bed exposed and can be uncomfortable for the person.
Onychoptosis
The condition in which nails will shed periodically shed it can effect one or more nails and can happen due to syphilis, trauma or medication. can be uncomfortable.
Hapalonychia (Eggshell nails)
Causes the nails to be soft and thin similar to eggshells. They bend easily and tend to break, snap or flake off at the end. Can be caused by a range of factors and is not painful or harmful
Severely Bruised Nail
Happens due to damage to the blood vessels in the nail bed causing them to leak blood which then gets trapped under the nail plate.
Pterygium
Is the condition in which the nail fold fuses with the matrix and is dragged as the nail grows. this results in the nail diving into 2 segments can be uncomfortable. if left untreated the nail will fully grow out and not grow back. Typically a symptom of other illnesses
Hang nail
When the cuticle separates from the nail bed. If peeled it can leave the cuticle exposed to infection can be painful but not harmful.
Alopecia
The condition which causes your hair to fall off typically in patches but can be large patches or even entirely. Different types for different areas and hair loss. It can grow back then fall out else where
