Bodily Functions

Question 1

What is mitosis?

Answer 1

Mitosis is the name given for cell division that results in the nucleus of a cell to divide and create two identical daughter cells

Question 2

What is Keratin? And what does it do?

Answer 2

It is a protective protein which helps forming the hair and nails and can be found on the outer layer of skin too.

Question 3

What is desquamation?

Answer 3

It is the removal of dead skin cells i.e. exfoliation.

Question 4

What is the sequence for mitosis? (4)

Answer 4

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.

Question 5

How does the blood travel through the heart in order?

Answer 5

Deoxygenated blood is taken from the head and body from the inferior vena cava and the superior vena cava then travels to the right atrium, through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle which then gets taken to the lungs through the pulmonary artery and oxygenated blood is returned through the pulmonary veins back into the left atrium and ventricle through the bicuspid valve where it flows through the aorta to be pumped to the rest of the body.

Question 6

What are the functions of the blood?

Answer 6

Regulation of temperature, Protection from pathogens and Transportation of nutrients

Question 7

Where are blood cells manufactured?

Answer 7

In the bone marrow and can grow all 3 types of blood cell. including stem cells.

Question 8

What is erythema?

Answer 8

Erythema is the redness of the skin and is caused by blood stimulation (like waxing, or an allergic reaction if it burns)

Question 9

How are blood sugar levels maintained?

Answer 9

The pancreas creates insulin and glucagon together, these two help maintain a state called homeostasis keeping the levels steady. If levels are too high, insulin is secreted which triggers the uptake of glucose from the blood stream and allows cells to absorb the glucose. A spike in insulin will tell the liver that blood glucose is too high and the liver will absorb the glucose and change it too glycogen When the levels drop glucagon instructs the liver to release glycogen which is then converted into glucose and levels are restored.

Question 10

What are stem cells?

Answer 10

A type of cell that can create specialised cells with different functions. They provide new cells for the body as it grows.

Question 11

What is capillary exchange and where does it occur?

Answer 11

Capillary exchange is what happens when the blood contains nutrients for the body, and the tissue has waste products to be removed. so they exchange the molecules and waste is destroyed.

Question 12

What makes up a vein and an artery and what are the differences?

Answer 12

From inside out they both have a lumen, tunica interna, tunica media and tunica externa. Though veins have valves and arteries require more elasticity.

Question 13

What is Haemoglobin?

Answer 13

It is a molecule that red blood cells carry that can combine with oxygen and allow it to be transported around the body.

Question 14

What is the proper name for white blood cells?

Answer 14

Leukocytes.

Question 15

What are the 5 main types of Leukocytes?

Answer 15

Monocytes, Lymphocytes, Neutrophils, Basophils and Eosinophils.

Question 16

How does blood regulation happen and restore?

Answer 16

Chemical activity in the cells and tissue causes heat to be produced, this heat causes the blood to warm up as it circulates. If the body is producing too much heat, the blood vessels dilate, and the heat is lost through radiation and sweat evaporating. If the external temperatures are cold the blood vessels constrict to prevent heat loss

Question 17

How does the blood protect the body?

Answer 17

White blood cells in the blood protect us from infection and disease by defending the body from micro-organisms and their toxins they do this by sending out anti-bodies that can identify a foreign pathogen. Clotting up a scab counts for this question.

Question 18

How do minerals get transported through the blood?

Answer 18

Arteries transport oxygenated blood and nutrients to arterioles which the pass them on to capillaries where the nutrients and minerals feed and nourish the cells for growth (tissue fluid) at the same time, capillaries pick up waste products from the tissue such as carbon dioxide, cell waste and water to be removed.

Question 19

How thick is a capillary?

Answer 19

1 cell thick which means they are semi-permeable so that they can drop off tissue fluid to feed and nourish cells.

Question 20

What are the connecting vessels from the artery to the vein?

Answer 20

Arteries get smaller and gradually become arterioles which will lead into capillaries where minerals and nutrients are deposited and waste is picked up. Travelling back, the capillaries connect to venules which the connect to the veins and return the blood back to the heart.