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Azure fundamentals > Common cloud services > Flashcards

Common cloud services Flashcards

1
Q

Four most common types of cloud services for IaaS would be:

A

Compute:
Imagine having a virtual computer that can run applications, programs and code.

Storage:
This is where you would have a virtual hard-drive that can store files.

Networking:
Virtual network being able to define internet connections or network isolations

Databases:
Virtual database for storing reporting data or a database for general perpose web-application.

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2
Q

What is microsoft?

A

An american multinational computer technology corporation headquarted in redmond, washington.
Makes software, phones, tablets, game consoles, cloud services, a search engine and more!
Best know for their operation system called windows.
Been around since 1970’s

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3
Q

What is Azure?

A

Microsoft calls their cloud provider service Microsoft Azure

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4
Q

Benefits of clod computing (6)

A

Cost-effective : You pay for what you consume, no up-front cost. Pay-as-you-go (PAYG)
thousands of customers sharing the cost of the resources

Global : Launch workloads anywhere in the world, just choose a region and you are now in the global market

Secure : Cloud provider takes care of physical security. Cloud services can be secure by default or you have the ability to configure access down to granular level.

Reliable : data backup, disaster recovery, and data replication, and fault tolerance

Scalable : Increase or decrease resources and services based on demand.

Elastic : Automate scaling during spikes and drop in demand

Current : The underlying hardware and managed software is patched, upgraded and replaced by the cloud provider without interruption to you

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5
Q

Types of cloud computing (THE PYRAMID)

A

Top:
SaaS (Software as a Service) (ex. Salesforce, Gmail, Office 365)
- A product that is run and managed by the service provider.
Don’t worry about how the service is maintained. It just works and remains available

Middle: (makes easy for developers to build apps on the cloud without worrying about the stuff underneath)
PaaS (Platform as a Service) (ex. elastic beanstalk on AWS, heroku, google app engine)
- Focus on the deployment and management of your apps.
Don’t worry about: provisioning configuring or understanding the hardware or OS.

Bottom:
IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) (ex. Microsoft Azure, AWS, oracle cloud)
- The basic building blocks for cloud IT. Provides access to networking features, computers, and data storage space.
Don’t worry about IT staff, data centers and hardware.

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6
Q

Type of cloud computing responsibilities

Applications
Data
Runtime
Middleware
OS
Virtualization
Servers
Storage
Networking

Put them on the right place

A

On-Premise
cloud service provider (csp)

customer (cus)
Applications
Data
Runtime
Middleware
OS
Virtualization
Servers
Storage
Networking

IaaS
csp
Virtualization
Servers
Storage
Networking

cus
Applications
Data
Runtime
Middleware
OS

PaaS
csp
Runtime
Middleware
OS
Virtualization
Servers
Storage
Networking

cus
Applications
Data

SaaS

csp
Applications
Data
Runtime
Middleware
OS
Virtualization
Servers
Storage
Networking
cus

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7
Q

Cloud deployment models (public, private, hybrid)

A

Public cloud
everything built on the cloud provider.
Nothing on prem.
Also known as: Cloud-Native

Private cloud
Everything is built on company’s datacenters
Also known as On-Premise
The cloud could be OpenStack

Hybrid
Using both On-Premise and
A Cloud Service Provider
The are networked togehter!! ExpressRoute!

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8
Q

Total cost of Ownership (TCO)
What does the icebergs look like?

A

CAPEX (Has more hidden costs)
Software license fees

~~~~~~~~~~~(ice berg, under water)
implementation
Configuration
Training
Physical Security
Harware
IT Personal
Maintenance

OPEX
Subscription fees

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Implementation
Configuration
Training

Generally one saves 75% when doing OPEX style

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9
Q

CAPTIAL VS OPERATIONAL EXPENDITURE

A

CAPEX
Spending money upfront on physical infrastructure.
Deducting that expense from your tax bill over time.

Server Costs (Computers)
Storage Costs (hard drives)
Network costs (routers, cables, switches)
Backup and Archive Costs
Disaster recovery costs (maybe an extra power supply)
Datacenter Costs (Rent, Cooling, Physical Security)
Technical Personal
-With capital expenses you have to guess upfront what you plan to spend

OPEX
The costs associated with an on-premise datacenter that has shifted the cost on the service provider.
The customer only has to be concerned with non-physical costs.

Leasing software and customizing features
Training employees in cloud services
Paying for cloud support
Billing based on the cloud metrics eg.
> compute usage
> storage usage

With Operation Expenses you can try a product or service without investing in equipment

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10
Q

Cloud Architecture Terminologies (5)

A

Availability - Your ability to ensure a service remains available.
Highly Available (HA)

Scalability - Your ability to grow rapidly or unimpeded

Elasticity - Your ability to shrink and grow to meet the demand

Fault tolerance - Your ability to prevent a failure

Disaster recovery - Your ability to recover from a failure
Highly Durable (DR)

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11
Q

High Availability (HA)

A

Your ability for you service to remain available by ensuring there is *no single point of failure and/or ensure a certain level of performance.

How can you be highly available?

Running your workload across multiple Availability Zones ensures that if 1 or 2 AZ become unavailable your service/applications remains available!!

BUT YOU NEED AN AZURE LOAD BALANCER

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12
Q

What is an Azure Load balancer?

A

a load balancer allows you to evenly distribute traffic to multiple servers in one or more datacenters. If a datacenter or server becomes unavailable (unhealthy) the load balancer will route the traffic to only available datacenters with servers.

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13
Q

High Scalability

A

Your ability to increase your capacity based on the increasing demand of traffic, memory and computing power.

Vertical Scaling
- Scaling UP
(Upgrading to bigger servers, bigger hard drives )

Horizontal Scaling
- Scaling OUT
(Adding more servers of the same size)

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14
Q

High Elasticity

A

The ability to automatically increase or decrease your capacity based on the current demand of traffic, memory and computing power.
(Sounds a lot like high scalability - the difference is that this is automatic and you can increase AND decrease the demand)

usually seen with Horizontal Scaling
(cuz vertical scaling is generally hard for traditional architecture)

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15
Q

Horizontal scaling

A

Scaling Out - Add servers of the same size
Scaling in - Removing servers of the same size

(usually seen with elasticity)

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16
Q

High Durability

A

Your ability to recover from a disaster and to prevent the loss of data.
Solutions that recover from a disaster is know as Disaster Recovery (DR)

Q:
Do you have a backup?
How fast can you restore that backup?
Does your backup still work?
How do you ensure current live data is not corrupt?

17
Q

The Evolution of Computing: Virtual Machines

A

You can run multiple VM on one machine.

Technology that is used to run VM => Hypervisor.
Hypervisor is the software layer that let’s you VM

A physical server shared by multiple customers

You’ll overpay for an underutilized VM

You are limited by your guest OS

Multiple apps on a single virtual machine can result in conflicts in resource sharing.

18
Q

The evolution of Computing: Containers

A

Virtual machines running multiple containers

docker deamon is the name of the software layer that lets you run multiple containers.

You can maximize the utility of the available capacity, so this is more cost effective.

Your containers share the same underlying OS so containers are more efficient than multiple VMs

Multiple apps can run side by side without being limited to the same OS requirements and will not cause conflicts during resource sharing.

19
Q

The evolution of computing: Functions

A

A managed VM running managed containers
(We don’t have to worry about the containers, functions are taking care of them.)
This is known as serverless compute, because you don’t set up anything.

You are only responsible for your code and data, nothing else.

Extremely cost-effective, because you only pay for the time the code is running. VMs only run when there is code to be executed.

BUT
Cold Start is a side-effect of this setup.
When you launch serverless code/function it generally has to provision a server because the the csp doesn’t want to be running servers when they aren’t being utilized. So you might experience a cold start before your code can be executed. BUT there are ways around that.

20
Q

Global infrastructure: Regions

A

Region = grouping of multiple datacenters (Availability Zones)

Azure has 58 regions available across 140 countries.

A region is a geographical area on the planet that contains at least one, but potentially multiple datacenters that are nearby and networked together with a low-latency network. Azure assigns and controls the resources within each region to ensure workloads are appropriately balanced.

When you deploy a resource in Azure, you’ll often need to choose the region where you want your resource deployed.

21
Q

Global infrastructure: Geographies

A

A Geography is a discreet market of two or more regions that preserves data residency and compliance boundaries.

Azure geographies
US
Azure Government (US) (Only for us government)
Canada
Brazil
Mexico

Why does this matter?
Maybe you want the data to stay in the country you are in do to security reasons /GDPR/ laws

22
Q

What are Availability Zones and how do they work?

A

Availability zones are physically separate datacenters within an Azure region.

Each availability zone is made up of one or more datacenters equipped with independent power, cooling, and networking.

An availability zone is set up to be an isolation boundary. If one zone goes down, the other continues working. Availability zones are connected through high-speed, private fiber-optic networks.

23
Q

What are region pairs?

A

Most Azure regions are paired with another region within the same geography (such as US, Europe, or Asia) at least 300 miles away. This approach allows for the replication of resources across a geography that helps reduce the likelihood of interruptions because of events such as natural disasters, civil unrest, power outages, or physical network outages that affect an entire region. For example, if a region in a pair was affected by a natural disaster, services would automatically fail over to the other region in its region pair.

24
Q

Name three advantages with having Region Pairs!

A

If an extensive Azure outage occurs, one region out of every pair is prioritized to make sure at least one is restored as quickly as possible for applications hosted in that region pair.

Planned Azure updates are rolled out to paired regions one region at a time to minimize downtime and risk of application outage.

Data continues to reside within the same geography as its pair (except for Brazil South) for tax- and law-enforcement jurisdiction purposes.

25
Q

What is a Sovereign region?

A

China and US gov has it. Datacenters devoted only to them. Special vetted staff etc.

26
Q

Describe Azure resources and Resource Groups.

A

A resource is the basic building block of Azure. Anything you create, provision, deploy, etc. is a resource. Virtual Machines (VMs), virtual networks, databases, cognitive services, etc. are all considered resources within Azure.

Resource groups are simply groupings of resources. When you create a resource, you’re required to place it into a resource group. While a resource group can contain many resources, a single resource can only be in one resource group at a time. Some resources may be moved between resource groups, but when you move a resource to a new group, it will no longer be associated with the former group. Additionally, resource groups can’t be nested, meaning you can’t put resource group B inside of resource group A.

27
Q

Three important facts about management groups:

A

10,000 management groups can be supported in a single directory.

A management group tree can support up to six levels of depth. This limit doesn’t include the root level or the subscription level.

Each management group and subscription can support only one parent.

Azure fundamentals (5 decks)

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