Common childhood infections: Flashcards
What is the causative organism for measles? How is it transmitted?
Paramyxovirus. Airborne
Outline the prodrome and what appears on the 3rd/4th day? (measles)
Prodrome: - Cough - Coryzal symptoms - Conjunctivitis 3rd/4th day: - Koplik spots inside cheek - Maculopapular rash
What characterises mumps?
Fever for 4 days.
Parotid swelling
From when is mumps infectious from? and for how long?
From parotid swelling for 7 days
What characterises Rubella?
- Low grade fever
- Pink rash all over
- Lymphadenopathy
What is the incubation period for mumps?
2-3 weeks
What is the incubation period for chickenpox?
2-3 weeks
What characterises chickenpox?
Fever + wide spread rash. Papules rapidly become vesicles and then from pustules an crusts
When is chickenpox infectious from?
7 days after start of rash
What two disease are similar in their incubation period and their infectious period?
Mumps and chickenpox
What causes slapped cheek disease?
Parvovirus B19
What characterises Slapped cheek?
Low grade fever for a few days prior to developing bright red cheeks - may spread to trunk. May last for several weeks.
What can complication can be caused in Slapped Cheek?
Virus can affect erythroblasts in bone marrow. This can cause aplastic (temporary cessation of production of RBC) crisis in sickle cell disease
What does the DTaP, IPV, Hib, HepB, MenB, Rotavirus and PCV vaccines protect against?
DTaP - Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough)
IPV - Polio
Hib - Haemophilus Influenzae type b
HepB - hepatitis B
MenB - Meningococcal group B
Rotavirus - Rotavirus gastroenteritis
PCV - Pneumococcal (13 serotypes)
Which vaccines are given at what age?
2 months:
- DTaP/IPV/Hib/HepB
- Rotavirus
- MenB
- PCV
3 months:
- DTaP/IPV/Hib/HepB
- Rotavirus
4 months:
- DTaP/IPV/Hib/HepB
- MenB
- PCV
1 year old:
- Hib/MenC
- PCV booster
- MenB booster
- MMR
3 years 4 months:
- DTaP/IPV
- MMR
Girls aged 12-13:
- HPV (two doses 6-24 months apart)
14 years old:
- Td/IPV (check MMR status)
- MenACWY
Which vaccinations are live vaccinations?
- BCG
- MMR
- Oral polio?
When is the BCG vaccine given?
It isn’t routinely given. It is only given to those who are at greater risk of acquiring the infection
What is ‘hand, foot and mouth’ caused by?
Coxaci virus
What are the features of Hand Foot and Mouth?
Mild systemic upset
Last thing to appear is vesicles in mouth and feet
List 3 clinical features of Turners syndrome:
(affects girls)
- Short stature
- Non-functioning ovaries (infertility)
- Abnormal appearance
(short stature and infertility are nearly ALWAYS present)
What is the chromosomal abnormality in Turners syndrome?
Complete or partial absence of one of the X chromosomes.
What should all girls with delayed puberty and short stature have checked?
Their Karyotype
List 5 phenotypic features of Turners syndrome:
- Short stature
- Low hairline
- Neck webbing
- Broad chest (widely spaced nipples)
- Increased carrying angle (cubitus valgus) (like carrying a wide TV)
Or CLOWNS C - coarctation of aorta L - lymphoedema O - Ovaries under developed/infertility W - Webbed neck N - wide spaced Nipples S - Short stature
List 4 associated features on Turners:
- Cardiac defects (coarctation of aorta)
- Renal anomalies
- Autoimmune thyroiditis
- Diabetes
- Middle ear disease
- Learning difficulties
- HTN
Outline the management in those with Turners:
- Growth hormone (to optimise height)
- Sex hormone replacement (Oestrogen to induce secondary sexual characteristics, Progesterone to induce menstruation)
- Monitor BP, thyroid, glucose, hearing
- IVF fertility
- Family support and multidisciplinary
