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Familiy medicine presentations > Common childhood diseases – a guide for GP - DONE > Flashcards

Common childhood diseases – a guide for GP - DONE Flashcards

1
Q

The most common symptoms:

A
  • Fever!!!
  • Cough
  • Sneezing
  • Diarrhea
  • Vomiting
  • Pain (ear, throat, abdomen)
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2
Q

The most common diagnoses:

A
  • Respiratory tract infections
  • Urinary tract infections
  • Acute otitis media
  • Pharyngitis
  • Gastroenterocolitis
  • Allergy
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3
Q

How do you treat fever?

A
  • Paracetamol (Acetaminophen)

- Ibuprophen

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4
Q

Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) - Dose per os:

A

per os 10-15mg/kg bm/dose

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5
Q

Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) - Dose per rectum:

A

per rectum 15mg/kg bm/dose

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6
Q

Ibuprophen - dose:

A

5-10mg/kg bm/dose

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7
Q

Ibuprophen - dose per rectum:

A
  • 60mg when the body mass i < 12,5kg

- 125mg when the body mass > 12,5kg

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8
Q

What are the differences between Acetaminophen and Ibuprophen?

A
  • Similar analgetic effect (in moderate to severe pain)
  • Ibuprofen - better antipyretic effect
  • Both are safe for short term use
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9
Q

Exanthema subitum =

A

roseaola infantum

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10
Q

Exanthema subitum (roseaola infantum) - etiology:

A

Viral infection: HHV 6, HHV 7

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11
Q

Exanthema subitum (roseaola infantum) - Period of incubation:

A

5-15 days

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12
Q

Exanthema subitum (roseaola infantum) - Age of onset:

A

6months - 2 (4) years old children

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13
Q

Exanthema subitum (roseaola infantum) - Prevention:

A
  • no prevention

- no vaccination

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14
Q

Exanthema subitum (roseaola infantum) - Clinical symptoms:

A
  • Fever >39*C (3-5 days) and later - rash (it lasts 1-2 days, location: back, neck, face, abdomen)
  • Sometimes: diarrhoea, cough, lymphadenopath
  • Fever convulsions
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15
Q

Exanthema subitum (roseaola infantum) - Complications:

A

Rare

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16
Q

Exanthema subitum (roseaola infantum) - Complications:

A
  • Leucopenia with granulocytopenia (vaccinations not allowed 4 weeks after infection)
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17
Q

Exanthema subitum (roseaola infantum) - Treatment:

A

only symptomatical

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18
Q

Infectious erythema =

A

Fifth disease

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19
Q

Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) - Etiology:

A

Viral infection: Parvovirus B 19

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20
Q

Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) - Period of incubation:

A

14-30days

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21
Q

Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) - Vaccination:

A
  • No vaccination
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22
Q

Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) - Symptoms:

A
  • Butterfly’s shap on the face, “the most beautiful rash” (face, later girlands on arms, trunk and extermities), retreats and turns back by 1-3 weeks. It dissapears without scars and without peeling epidermis.
  • Leukopenia with lymphocytosis
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23
Q

Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) - Treatment:

A

Only symptomatical

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24
Q

Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) - Prognosis:

A

Good

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25
Q

Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) - Complications:

A
  • Heamolytic anemia

- joint pains

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26
Q

Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) - Prevention:

A

Isolation

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27
Q

Herpetic stomatitis - Etiology:

A

Viral infection: HSV 1

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28
Q

Herpetic stomatitis - Vaccination:

A

No vaccination

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29
Q

Herpetic stomatitis - Period of incubation:

A

2-14 days

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30
Q

Herpetic stomatitis - Clinical symptoms:

A
  • Fever
  • inflammation of herpetic oral + skin follicular changes
  • labial cold sore
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31
Q

Herpetic stomatitis - Complications:

A

Neuro-infection

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32
Q

Herpetic stomatitis - Treatment:

A
  • only symptomatic

- Acyclovir orally and/or outside cream

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33
Q

Herpetic stomatitis - Prevention:

A
  • Isolation
  • Hand washing
  • No kissing
34
Q

Urinary tract infection:

A
  • When fever lasts more than 2 days
  • And there are no symptoms for infectious disease
  • no symptoms typical for respiratory tract infection….
  • You HAVE TO EXAMINE the urine!!
35
Q

What requires hospitalisation?

A
  • Prolonged fever of unknown origin requires hospitalisation. In order to establish the reason and administrate appropriate treatment.
36
Q

Pharyngitis - etiology:

A
  • 80% caused by virus

- 20% caused by bacteria

37
Q

Pharyngitis - Symptoms if viral:

A
  • conjuctivits
  • malaise
  • fatigue
  • hoarseness
  • lowgrade fever
  • mouth-breathing
  • vomiting
  • abdominal pain
  • diarrhea
38
Q

Pharyngitis - Symptoms if mononucleosis:

A
  • 15-30 years of age
  • sore throat (injection with excudatives)
  • posterior cervical lymphadenopathy
  • hepatosplenomegaly
  • Treatment: amoxicillin - 90% develop a classic maculopapular rash
39
Q

Mononucleosis - etiology:

A

Viral infection: Epstein-Barr Virus

40
Q

Mononucleosis - period of incubation:

A

33-49 days

41
Q

Mononucleosis - Infectiousness:

A

low infectiousness

42
Q

Mononucleosis - vaccination:

A

No vaccination

43
Q

Mononucleosis - Symptoms:

A
  • fever
  • posterios cervical lymphadenopathy
  • Exanthema - spotty or lumpy (after treatment with amoxicillin)
  • Sore throat with exudation in palatal tonisls
  • Ecchymosis on palate
  • Catarrh of nose, swelling of eyelids
44
Q

Mononucleosis - Treatment:

A
  • only symptomatical
45
Q

Mononucleosis - Prognosis:

A

good

46
Q

Mononucleosis - Possible complications:

A
  • hematological
  • neurological
  • cardiological
47
Q

Streptococcal pharyngitis - etiology:

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

48
Q

Streptococcal pharyngitis - symptoms:

A
  • Sudden beginning, fever >38°C
  • Strong pain of throat
  • anterior cervical lymphadenopathy
  • Nausea, vomiting, stomachache
  • General symptoms (breaking, muscular pains, headache)
  • Sore throat, pharyngeal erythema and swelling, tonsillar exudates, edematous uvula, palatine petechiae
49
Q

Streptococcal pharyngitis - slide 27 about strep score:

A

slide 27

50
Q

Pharyngitis - treatment - Virus:

A

80% caused by viruses; treatment:

  • antipyretic treatment
  • antiinflammatory treatment
  • analgetic treatment
51
Q

Pharyngitis - treatment - Bacteria:

A

20% caused by bacteria;

treatment:
- antibiotics

52
Q

Streptococcal pharyngitis - treatment:

A
  • oral penicillin or cephalosporin
  • 10 days

slide 30 for more

53
Q

Streptococcal pharyngitis - prognosis:

A

good

54
Q

Streptococcal pharyngitis - possible complications:

A
  • abscess

- recurrence

55
Q

Streptococcal pharyngitis - vaccination:

A

no vaccination

56
Q

Pharyngitis - treatment:

A
  • Untreated patients are infectious - during acute phase and one additional week.
  • Treated patients are infectious: 24 first hours of antibiotictherapy
  • Antibiotictherapy: shortness the infectious period, reduces the duration of symptoms by about one day, prevents complications
57
Q

Scarlet fever - Etiology:

A
  • Gr A Streptococus

- B-hemoliticus

58
Q

Scarlet fever - Period of incubation:

A

1-7 days

59
Q

Scarlet fever - Pattern:

A
  • spares the face (although circumoral pallor is characteristical)
60
Q

Fiłatow triangle

A

slide 33

61
Q

Scarlet fever - Symptoms:

A
  • Fever
  • Bright red tongue with a “strawberry” appearance, may
    spread to cover the uvula.
    Characteristical rash, which:
  • is fine, red, and rough textured;
  • it blanches upon pressure
  • appears 12–48 hours after the fever
  • generally starts on the chest, armpits, and behind the ears
  • spares the face (although circumoral pallor is characteristic) is worse in the skin folds.
  • Pastia lines - the rash runs together in the arm pits and groins, appear and can persist after the rash is gone
62
Q

Strawberry tongue:

A

is the appearance of tongue with inflamed red papillae, giving an appearance of strawberry

63
Q

Scarlet fever rash:

A

By the sixth day of the infection the rash usually fades, but the affected skin may begin to peel.

64
Q

Scarlet fever - treatment:

A

oral penicillin for 10 days

65
Q

Scarlet fever - Possible complications:

A
  • poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis or reactive arthritis
  • rheumatic fever
  • cervical lymphadenitis
  • fascitis/myositis syndrome
  • endocarditis
  • mastoiditis
  • meningitis
  • otitis media
66
Q

Respiratory tract infections - phases:

A

I - exudative phase
II - obturative phase
III - cell mediated (bacterial) phase

67
Q

Exudative phase - symptoms:

A
  • fever
  • pain
  • dry cough
68
Q

Exudative phase - treatment:

A
  • antipyretic
  • analgetic
  • antiinflammatory drugs
  • anticough syrupes
  • vasoconstrictive nasal drops

not longer than 4-5 days!

69
Q

Obturative phase - symptoms:

A
  • cough with expectation

- obturation

70
Q

Obturative phase - treatment:

A
  • antipyretic
  • antianalgetic
  • antiinflammatory drugs
  • mucolitic drugs
71
Q

Obturative phase - not reccommended:

A
  • relieving cough syrups

- vasocontrictive nasal drops

72
Q

Bacterial (cell mediated) phase - symptoms:

A
  • cough with expectation

- fever (again)

73
Q

Bacterial (cell mediated) phase - treatment:

A
  • antipyretic
  • antianalgetic
  • antiinflammatory drugs
  • mucolitic drugs
  • antibiotics
74
Q

Bacterial (cell mediated) phase - Not recommended:

A
  • reliefing cough syrupes
  • vasoconstrictive nasal drops
  • antihistaminic drugs
75
Q

Community aquired pneumonia - etiology:

A
  • Viral
  • Bacterial:
    • typical:
      § Strep pneumonia
      § Haemophilus influenzae
      § Moraxella Catarrhalis
    • Atypical
76
Q

Typical pneumonia - symptoms:

A
  • fever
  • productive cough
  • malaise
  • fatigue
  • diarrhea, abdominal pain (in young children)
77
Q

Typical pneumonia - treatment:

A
  • beta-lactams:
    • amoxicillin (high dose!
    • cefuroxim
    • amoxicillin with clavulanic acid

Attention:

  • 15% strep. pneumonia is resistant to penicillin
  • 6% haemophilus influenzae produce betalactamases
78
Q

Atypical respiratory tract infections - symptoms:

A
  • prolonged cough (dry, distrubing, persistant, paroxymal, worsening at night)
  • subfever lasting several days or weeks
  • good general condition
  • severe changes in X-rays (not correlated with a good general status)
  • peripheral eosinophilic pleocytosis.
79
Q

Mycoplasmal pneumonia - X-ray:

A

Reticular inflammation

80
Q

Atypical infections - treatment:

A
  • macrolides
  • tetracycline (>12 years of age)
  • fluoroquinolones (>16 years of age)

Treatment should last 10-14 days, in complicated cases 2-4 weeks

Familiy medicine presentations (7 decks)

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