Common Bacterial Infections Pt. 2 Flashcards
Example of penicillin resistance
Inactivation via β- lactamase
Modified PBP targets
Impaired penetration
Antibiotic efflux
infections obtained or associated with hospitals and healthcare delivery are called
Nosocomial Infections
Gram-positive cocci - staphylococcus
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
MRSA is a particularly problematic strain of what organism
Staphylococcus aureus
Which Gram-positive cocci - Streptococcus organisms cause strep?
Streptococcus pyogenes: Group A strep
Streptococcus agalactiae: group B strep
Streptococcal species can be classified by how they hemolyze RBCs on blood agar including
● Beta-hemolytic- Complete, forming a clear zone
around the colonies on the agar plate
● Alpha-hemolytic- Partial, forms a green zone around colonies
● Gamma-hemolytic- Non-hemolytic
Streptococcus Viridans causes what well known illness
Streptococcus pneumoniae: Community-acquired pneumonia
Anthrax is caused by what organism
Bacillus anthracis
Gram-positive rods
Clostridium botulinum is a _____ and causes _____
Gram-positive rods; Botulism
Organism causing Tetanus
Clostridium tetani
Gas Gangrene and Necrotizing fasciitis are caused by what organism?
Clostridium perfringens - Gram positive rod
______ is the causative agent of diptheria
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Gram positive rod
Gram-negative cocci organism that causes meningitis
Neisseria meningitidis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is classified as ____
Gram-negative cocci
Escherichia coli is a type of ______
Gram-negative rods
Typhoid fever, Septicemia and Enterocolitis are of clinical importance with what Gram negative rod species
Salmanella species
Enterocolitis can be caused multiple Gram negative rods including ____
Shigella
Salmonella species
Campylobacter Jejuni
Vibrio cholerae is a type of _____
Gram negative rod
“rice water diarrhea” is commonly seen with
Cholera - Vibrio Cholerae
● Gastritis
● Peptic Ulcer Disease
● Gastric carcinoma
● Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma
These are commonly seen with which organism
Helicobacter pylori
Haemophilus influenzae is a Gram-negative rod causing these respiratory conditions
● Meningitis in children
● Epiglottitis (not the only one that causes this)
● Otitis media
● Sinusitis
● Conjunctivitis
● Sepsis
● Pneumonia
Whooping cough is caused by this organism
Bordetella pertussis
Tuberculosis like illness can occur in immunocomprimised patients (AIDS) via this organism
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex
Lyme disease is often caused by this organism
Borrelia burgdorferi - Spirochetes
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is a tick-borne disease caused by ______
Rickettsia rickettsii
What are lancefield groupings?
Lancefield grouping is a serological method for classifying streptococci into one of 20 groups (designated by a letter) based on the presence of polysaccharide and teichoic acid antigens in the bacterial cell wall (Lancefield 1933)
Lancefield group A causes what type of diseases
Strep Pharyngitis, tonsillitis, wound and skin infections, septicemia, scarlet fever, pneumonia, rheumatic fever, Impetigo, cellulitis glomerulonephritis, endocarditis (rare)
Which lancefield group would we screen for during pregnancy?
Group B - intestinal/vaginal
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus
aureus (MRSA) is caused by what organism?
Staph Aureus
Why you should not allow children under 1 yo to consume honey.
It can cause botulism in infants (clostridium botulinum)
