Common Bacterial Infections Pt. 2

Question 1

Example of penicillin resistance

Answer 1

Inactivation via β- lactamase
Modified PBP targets
Impaired penetration
Antibiotic efflux

Question 2

infections obtained or associated with hospitals and healthcare delivery are called

Answer 2

Nosocomial Infections

Question 3

Gram-positive cocci - staphylococcus

Answer 3

Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Question 4

MRSA is a particularly problematic strain of what organism

Answer 4

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 5

Which Gram-positive cocci - Streptococcus organisms cause strep?

Answer 5

Streptococcus pyogenes: Group A strep
Streptococcus agalactiae: group B strep

Question 6

Streptococcal species can be classified by how they hemolyze RBCs on blood agar including

Answer 6

● Beta-hemolytic- Complete, forming a clear zone
around the colonies on the agar plate
● Alpha-hemolytic- Partial, forms a green zone around colonies
● Gamma-hemolytic- Non-hemolytic

Question 7

Streptococcus Viridans causes what well known illness

Answer 7

Streptococcus pneumoniae: Community-acquired pneumonia

Question 8

Anthrax is caused by what organism

Answer 8

Bacillus anthracis
Gram-positive rods

Question 9

Clostridium botulinum is a _____ and causes _____

Answer 9

Gram-positive rods; Botulism

Question 10

Organism causing Tetanus

Answer 10

Clostridium tetani

Question 11

Gas Gangrene and Necrotizing fasciitis are caused by what organism?

Answer 11

Clostridium perfringens - Gram positive rod

Question 12

______ is the causative agent of diptheria

Answer 12

Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Gram positive rod

Question 13

Gram-negative cocci organism that causes meningitis

Answer 13

Neisseria meningitidis

Question 14

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is classified as ____

Answer 14

Gram-negative cocci

Question 15

Escherichia coli is a type of ______

Answer 15

Gram-negative rods

Question 16

Typhoid fever, Septicemia and Enterocolitis are of clinical importance with what Gram negative rod species

Answer 16

Salmanella species

Question 17

Enterocolitis can be caused multiple Gram negative rods including ____

Answer 17

Shigella
Salmonella species
Campylobacter Jejuni

Question 18

Vibrio cholerae is a type of _____

Answer 18

Gram negative rod

Question 19

“rice water diarrhea” is commonly seen with

Answer 19

Cholera - Vibrio Cholerae

Question 20

● Gastritis
● Peptic Ulcer Disease
● Gastric carcinoma
● Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma

These are commonly seen with which organism

Answer 20

Helicobacter pylori

Question 21

Haemophilus influenzae is a Gram-negative rod causing these respiratory conditions

Answer 21

● Meningitis in children
● Epiglottitis (not the only one that causes this)
● Otitis media
● Sinusitis
● Conjunctivitis
● Sepsis
● Pneumonia

Question 22

Whooping cough is caused by this organism

Answer 22

Bordetella pertussis

Question 23

Tuberculosis like illness can occur in immunocomprimised patients (AIDS) via this organism

Answer 23

Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex

Question 24

Lyme disease is often caused by this organism

Answer 24

Borrelia burgdorferi - Spirochetes

Question 25

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is a tick-borne disease caused by ______

Answer 25

Rickettsia rickettsii

Question 26

What are lancefield groupings?

Answer 26

Lancefield grouping is a serological method for classifying streptococci into one of 20 groups (designated by a letter) based on the presence of polysaccharide and teichoic acid antigens in the bacterial cell wall (Lancefield 1933)

Question 27

Lancefield group A causes what type of diseases

Answer 27

Strep Pharyngitis, tonsillitis, wound and skin infections, septicemia, scarlet fever, pneumonia, rheumatic fever, Impetigo, cellulitis glomerulonephritis, endocarditis (rare)

Question 28

Which lancefield group would we screen for during pregnancy?

Answer 28

Group B - intestinal/vaginal

Question 29

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is caused by what organism?

Answer 29

Staph Aureus

Question 30

Why you should not allow children under 1 yo to consume honey.

Answer 30

It can cause botulism in infants (clostridium botulinum)