Common and life threats from QuickEM Flashcards

Question

Tests for musculoskeletal causes of weakness/fatigue

Answer 1

+/- ESR/CRP

Answer 2

CBC | +/- hemoccult

Answer 3

``` Painful: -Ruptured globe -Corneal ulcer -Corneal abrasion -Acute angle closure glaucoma -Iritis -HSV keratitis -Episcleritis -Scleritis -Endophthalmitis -Chemical burn -UV keratitis -Foreign body Painless: -Conjunctivitis -Subconjunctival hemorrhage -Hyphema -Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis -Inflamed pingueculum -Inflamed pterygium EXTRA-OCULAR: Blepharitis Hordeolum Orbital/periorbital cellulitis Cavernous sinus thrombosis Cluster HA ```

Answer 4

``` LOCAL ETIOLOGIES: Digital trauma Facial trauma Irritants SYSTEMIC ETIOLOGIES: Anticoagulants Liver failure Blood dyscrasias: -Leukemia/lymphoma -ITP -Polycythemia vera -Hemophilia ```

Answer 5

``` AIRWAY DZ: Bronchitis/bronchiectasis Neoplasm Trauma Foreign body INFECTIOUS: TB PNA Fungal infection VASCULAR DZ: PE AV malformation Pulmonary HTN Vasculitis (SLE, Wegener's, Goodpasture's) OTHER: Coagulopathy Valvular heart disease (incl endocarditis) Cocaine ```

Answer 6

``` ODONTOGENIC: Cary Pericoronitis Periradicular periodontitis Post-extraction pain Alveolar osteitis (dry socket) PERIODONTAL: Periapical abscess Peridontal abscess Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis Ludwig's angina TRAUMATIC: Fracture Subluxation Avulsion ```

Answer 7

``` INFECTIOUS: PTA/abscess Retropharyngeal/parapharyngeal abscess Epiglottitis Strep pharyngitis Mono Viral pharyngitis Gonococcal pharyngitis Ludwig's angina Diphtheria Acute retroviral syndrome NONINFECTIOUS: Caustic ingestion Foreign body Lymphoma ```

Answer 8

``` CARDIOVASCULAR: ACS Aortic dissection Pericarditis PULM: PE Pneumothorax PNA GI: Boerhaave's syndrome Pneumomediastinum GERD THORACIC WALL: Costochondritis Rib contusion/fx Shingles OTHER: Panic attack Referred pain (from intraabdominal pathology) ```

Answer 9

``` PULM: PE Anaphylaxis Asthma COPD exacerbation Pleural effusion Noncardiogenic edema Pneumothorax PNA Airway obstruction CARDIAC: CHF exacerbation Pericardial effusion/cardiac tamponade ACS Arrhythmia Valvular dysfunction OTHER: Anemia Panic attack Trauma (pulmonary contusion, flail chest) DKA Toxins (ingestion, CO poisoning, organophosphates) ```

Answer 10

``` Life-threatening causes mneumonic: Compression (cauda equina, conus medullaris, epidural hematoma) Renal stone AAA Fracture Tumor Infection/inflammatory RARE: Pancreatitis PUD Ectopic pregnancy PID NON-LIFE-THREATENING CAUSES: Mechanical LBP Sciatica/radiculopathy Ankylosing spondylitis Spinal stenosis ```

Answer 11

``` BACTERIAL: Pseudomembranous colitis (C. difficile) Dysentery -Campylobacter -Shigella -Salmonela -E. coli O157:H7 C. botulinum VIRAL: HIV Enteroviruses PARASITIC: Entamoeba histolytica Giardia lambia OTHER: IBD Diverticulitis Meds Alcoholism ```

Answer 12

``` UGIB: Gastric varices Boerhaave's syndrome PUD Dieulafoy lesion Gastritis Mallory-Weiss tear Lower-GI bleed, painless: -CA -Diverticulosis -Angiodysplasia Lower GI bleed, painful -Crohn's -UC -Diverticulitis -Aortoenteric fistula -Ischemic colitis -Mesenteric ischemia -Hemorrhoids ```

Answer 13

``` Testicular torsion Epididymitis Torsion of testicular appendix Orchitis Testicular hematoma Testicular fx/rupture Scrotal abscess Fournier's gangrene Hydrocele Inguinal hernia Kidney stone AAA ```

Answer 14

``` UTI CA Coagulopathy Kidney stone Nephropathy/nephritis Foreign body Sickle cell disease BPH ```

Answer 15

``` FIRST TRIMESTER: Ectopic pregnancy Spontaneous miscarriage Threatened abortion Post-coital bleeding SECOND/THIRD TRIMESTER: Placental abruption Placenta previa Placenta accreta ```

Answer 16

``` NONPREGNANT: CA: endometrial/cervical Uterine fibroids (leiomyomas) Adenomyosis Polyps Breakthrough bleeding on oral contraceptives Atrophic vaginitis Foreign body Menstruation with coagulopathy POST-PARTUM HEMORRHAGE: Uterine atony Uterine inversion Retained placenta Uterine rupture Vaginal/cervical lacerations Coagulopathy ```

Answer 17

``` MCCs: BPH, meds PROSTATIC OBSTRUCTION: BPH Prostate CA Prostatitis Prostate trauma/avulsion URETHRAL OBSTRUCTION: Stricture Foreign body BLADDER: CA Clots Calculi NEUROGENIC: Meds: -Anticholinergics -Antihistamines -Nifedipine -Sympathomimetics Diabetic neurogenic bladder Cauda equina/cord compression ```

Answer 18

``` ORTHO/TRAUMA: Fx Knee dislocation Ligamentous tear Meniscal injury Muscle strain/rupture Hemarthrosis Bursitis Osteoarthritis INFECTIOUS: Septic joint Reactive arthritis Osteomyelitis Septic bursitis CRYSTALLINE: Gout Pseudogout OTHER: Tumor DVT Baker's cyst ```

Answer 19

``` INCREASED HEAT LOSS: Environmental Immersion Pharmacologic/toxicologic Burns DECREASED HEAT PRODUCTION: Endocrine abnormalities: hypothyroidism, hypopituitar, adrenal insufficiency IMPAIRED THERMAL REGULATION: CNS dysfunction ```

Answer 20

``` INFECTIOUS: PNA UTI TOXICOLOGIC: Anticholinergic Sympathomimetic (cocaine, meth, PCP, LSD) EtOH withdrawal BZD withdrawal Salicylate overdose Serotonin syndrome Neuroleptic malignant syndrome ENDOCRINE: Thyroid storm Pheochromocytoma DKA NEUROLOGIC: Hypothalamic hemorrhage/infarction Stroke Status epilepticus ENVIRONMENTAL: Heat exhaustion Heat stroke ```

Answer 21

``` NARROW COMPLEX REGULAR: Sinus tachy AVRT/AvnRT Atrial flutter IRREGULAR: AFib Multifocal atrial tachycardia Atrial flutter with variable block WIDE COMPLEX: VTach Antidromic AVRT Aberrancy Accelerated idioventricular rhythm ```

Answer 22

``` SINUS BRADYCARDIA: Mneumonic: Drugs Ichemia/infarction Electrolytes/endocrine: hyperkalemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, hypoglycemia, hypothyroidism Sick sinus syndrome COLD hypothermia NON-SINUS BRADYCARDIA: Mobitz II 3rd degree heart block Ventricular/junctional escape Nonconducted PACs ```

Answer 23

``` DISTRIBUTIVE: Sepsis Anaphylaxis Neurogenic Addisonian crisis CARDIOGENIC: CHF MI Arrhythmia OBSTRUCTIVE: Cardiac tamponade Tension pneumo PE HYPOVOLEMIC: Hemorrhage Dehydration, severe ```

Answer 24

``` Hypertension emergency: evidence of end-organ damage -Neuro: stroke, hypertensive encephalopathy, intracranial hemorrhage -Cardiac: CHF, ACS, aortic dissection -Pulmonary: pulmonary edema -Renal: AKI -Pregnancy-related: (pre-)eclampsia -Sympathomimetic crisis Asymptomatic HTN Drugs: sympathomimetics ```

Answer 25

Anaphylaxis Mild/moderate allergic reaction Angioedema Scromboid poisoning

Answer 26

``` BURN: Chemical Thermal Electrical SKIN-SLOUGHING: TEN Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome Pemphigus vulgaris ```