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PSA > Common Adverse Drug Reactions > Flashcards

Common Adverse Drug Reactions Flashcards

1
Q

State the main adverse effects of gentamicin and vancomycin

A

Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity

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2
Q

State the main adverse effects of ACE inhibitors, e.g. lisinopril

A

Hypotension, electrolyte abnormalities e.g. hyperkalaemia, AKI, dry cough

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3
Q

State the main adverse effects of beta blockers

A

Hypotension, bradycardia, wheeze in asthmatics, worsening of acute heart failure

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4
Q

State the main adverse effects of calcium channel blockers, e.g. diltiazem

A

Hypotension, bradycardia, peripheral oedema, flushing

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5
Q

State the main adverse effects of diuretics

A

Hypotension, electrolyte abnormalities, AKI

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6
Q

State the main adverse effects of heparins

A

Haemorrhage (risk increased in renal failure and weight <50kg), heparin-induced thrombocytopaenia

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7
Q

State the main adverse effects of aspirin

A

Haemorrhage, peptic ulcers, gastritis, tinnitus in large doses

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8
Q

State the main adverse effects of digoxin

A

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, blurred vision, confusion, drowsiness, xanthopsia (disturbed yellow-green perception including visual halos)

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9
Q

State the main adverse effects of amiodarone

A

Interstitial lung disease, thyroid disease (both hyper and hypo), skin greying, corneal deposits

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10
Q

State the main adverse effects of haloperidol

A

Dyskinesias, acute dystonic reactions, drowsiness

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11
Q

State the main adverse effect of clozapine

A

Agranulocytosis

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12
Q

State the main adverse effects of corticosteroids

A

Stomach ulcers, thin skin, oedema, heart failure, osteoporosis, infection, hyperglycaemia, Cushing’s syndrome

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13
Q

State the specific adverse effects of fludrocortisone

A

Hypertension, sodium and water retention

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14
Q

State the main adverse effects of ibuprofen

A

Renal failure, heart failure, wheeze in asthma, indigestion, peptic ulcers, dyscrasias (abnormal clotting)

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15
Q

State the main adverse effects of statins

A

Myalgias (risk greatest with simvastatin), abdominal pain, transaminitis, rhabdomyolysis

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16
Q

Which class of drugs can cause a hypertensive crisis?

A

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, e.g. selegiline

17
Q

Which common drug can cause lactic acidosis?

A

Metformin

18
Q

Name 3 classes of drugs which can cause sedation

A

Barbiturates, opioids, benzodiazepines

19
Q

Which common class of drug reduces awareness of hypoglycaemia?

A

Beta blockers

20
Q

Which atypical antipsychotic has the best side effect profile?

A

Aripiprazole

21
Q

State the main side effects of olanzapine

A

Dyslipidaemia, weight gain, hyperprolactinaemia, T2DM, sedation

22
Q

State the main side effects of quetiapine

A

Weight gain, dyslipidaemia, hyperprolactinaemia, postural hypotension

23
Q

State the main side effects of risperidone

A

Extrapyramidal side effects, weight gain, hyperprolactinaemia, sexual dysfunction, postural hypotension

24
Q

Which antibiotics cause cholestasis?

A

Co-amoxiclav, flucloxacillin

25
Q

Which antibiotic causes a rash when given to a patient with infectious mononucleosis?

A

Amoxicillin

26
Q

State the main adverse effects of erythromycin

A

GI upset, prolonged QT interval

27
Q

State the main adverse effects of ciprofloxacin

A

Lowers seizure threshold, tendonitis

28
Q

Which antibiotic leads to a reaction if taken with alcohol?

A

Metronidazole

29
Q

State the main adverse effects of trimethoprim

A

Rashes including photosensitivity, pruritis

30
Q

State the drug to give to reverse a heparin overdose

A

Protamine sulphate

31
Q

State the 2 major causes of drug-induced lupus, and at least 1 of the 3 rarer causes

A

Procainamide, hydralazine

Less common: Isoniazid, minocycline, phenytoin

PSA (5 decks)

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