Commodities: Dairy products Flashcards
What is the most common milk in the UK?
Cow
What is the only nutrient that milk doesn’t provide?
Fibre
Why is milk called a complete food?
Because it contains all nutrients apart from fibre
What type of protein does milk provide?
High biological value
Why is milk a HBV protein?
Because it provides all essential amino acids
Because it comes from an animal
How often must a cow be milked?
Daily
How much milk does a dairy cow produce a day?
20 litres
How is milk categorised?
By fat content
What is pasteurisation?
A heat treatment applied to milk to kill pathogenic bacteria
How hot is milk heated to during pasteurisation?
75oC
How long is milk heated to 75oC to during pasteruisation?
25 seconds
Why is milk homogenised?
To break up the fat globules and distribute them
How is milk homogenised?
Milk is forced through a mesh (like a sieve)
What temperature is milk sterilised to?
110-130oC
How long does unopened sterilised milk last for?
6 months
What two micronutrients does sterilising destroy?
Vitamin C
B vitamins
What temperature is UHT milk heated to?
135oC
What is evaporated milk?
Milk with 50% water evaporated
Slight caramel flavour
Lasts 12 months
What is condensed milk?
Concentrated milk (heated then cooled)
Sweet
Thick. syrupy consistency
What is dried milk?
Milk with all the water evaporated
What sugar in milk can people be allergic to?
Lactose
Where should fresh milk be stored?
In the fridge, below 5oC
What are the two nutrients not provided by cheese?
Vitamin C
Fibre
Give three examples of soft cheese
Brie
Camembert
Feta
Give three examples of hard cheese
Cheddar Red Leicester Parmesan Emmental Manchego
Give two examples of blue cheese
Stilton
Danish blue
Gorgonzola
Roquefort
What food poisoning bacteria is linked to soft cheese?
Listeria
At what temperature does the fat in cheese melt?
65oC
Happens to the texture of cheese when it is burnt?
Becomes hard and tough
Where should cheese be stored?
In the fridge below 5oC
What is whey?
The water part of milk that is left once curds have been made
What is curd?
A soft, white substance that is formed when milk turns sour (during cheese making)
What is syneresis?
When protein is overheated and releases moisture from the protein
What nutrients is yoghurt a good source of?
Protein Calcium Vitamin A Vitamin D B vitamins
What are live yoghurts?
Yoghurts that contain harmless bacteria
What are probiotic yoghurts?
Yoghurts that contain live probiotic microorganisms that help support the digestive system
What are bio yoghurts?
Yoghurts that contain bifidobacterium that are proven to aid digestion
Where should yoghurt be stored?
In the fridge
Below 5oC
What is the fat content of cream?
18-55%
What is certifrugation?
Spinning milk at high speed to force the fat globules to separate from the liquid (cream)
What is single cream used for?
Pouring over desserts
In coffee
What two types of cream can be whipped?
Double
Whipping
