Commercial Aircraft Operators Flashcards
fsc target groups
business and frequent travellers
fsc revenue
cost coverage economy class, earnings business and first class
fsc network
hub and spoke network with regional feeder traffic
fsc fleet
heterogeneous structure, increasing focus on long range
lcc target groups
frequent travelers and holiday travelers
lcc revenue
cost coverage economy class, earnings ancillary revenues (selling food and water in flight)
lcc network
point to point network mostly mid/short range
lcc fleet
homogeneous structure typically only one aircraft family
charter target group
holiday traveler
charter revenue generation
cost coverage economy, earnings ancillary
charter network
point to point short mid long range
charter fleet
homogeneous fleet, sometimes additional aircraft are leased
regional carrier target groups
business and frequent travelers
regional carrier revenue
cost coverage economy, earnings ancillary
regional carrier network
feeder within a hub and spoke, point to point at short range
regional carrier fleet
homogeneous structure, regional jet aircraft and turboprops
hybrid carrier target groups
large range of travelers
hybrid carrier revenue
cost coverage economy, earnings business, first class, ancillary
hybrid carrier network
feeder within hub and spoke, hub and spoke, point to point short/long range
hybrid carrier fleet
homogeneous structure
hub and spoke advantages
reduced costs using larger aircraft, simplified planning maintenance, connecting places with less original volume through network, simplified planning of personnel & spare parts
hub and spoke disadvantages
passengers dont want connections, peak times require infrastructure performance, high complexity of system, susceptible to interference
future model platform airlines (PFA)
airline offers entire journey door to door ticket, revenue ancillary, non-aviation
future model air transport provider (ATP)
internet companies offer door to door ticket, airline provides aircraft to internet companies, airline doesnt sell any tickets, revenue only aviation and ancillary
indirect operating costs
landed properties and ground equipment, passage/freight (cargo, handling, booking, sales, marketing), administration and overheads
direct operating costs
costs of ownership, cash operating costs (crew, maintenance, navigation, landing, fuel), additional doc (local noise, local emission, emission trading)
airport charges
landing, lighting, terminal user, noise, emission, navaid, ground handling, cargo, passenger related, airport tax, inspection, service
ADOC
emission trading scheme domestic european flights
fleet panning
what type of aircraft, when, and how many
route planning
where to fly profitably
schedule development
how frequently what time each route
stages of airline planning
long term decision of strategic nature - planning and steering activities - knowledge of fleet composition and network plus flight schedule
airline planning factors
market, demand, operations, restrictions, quality
fleet planning cost factors
operating costs, reserves, flexibility of equipment, maintenance, degree of standardization
fleet planning aircraft selection criteria
technical criteria (seats, range, fuel consumption, noise and exhaust emissions), financial criteria (price, residual value, maintenance costs, product support, fleet commonality), other (comfort, crew requirements, airport infrastructure, delivery flexibility), seat configuration, passenger appeal, variability of utility elements, engine position, propeller vs jet, politics
fleet planning critical inputs
air traffic forecast, yield forecast, estimated aircraft productivity, operating costs
route planning
long term (strategic planning) and short term (tactical planning)
route evaluation
will the route be profitable if served, consider connections as well as direct, incremental profitability, technical capability of aircraft, operating cost characteristics of aircraft, political and legal restrictions, bilateral agreements, limited airport slots, competitor strategy
route profitability model
used to maximize the total profits, given a set of candidate routes and estimated demands, subject to fleet and capacity constraints
schedule development
frequency planning, timetable development, fleet assignment, aircraft rotation planning
frequency planning
based on route evaluation process, number of departures per day, number of seats on departure, high freq low seat high convenience high operational cost vs low freq high seat low convenience low operational cost
timetable development
provide departures at peak periods, max utilization vs convenience,
consider turn time, time zone difference, regulatory constraints
schedule map
visual representation of flight legs that incorporate aircraft movement in terms of both geography and time
fleet assignment problem
determines type of aircraft for each flight leg departure, minimize combined costs of spill (rejected payload demand). subject to minimum ground time, maintenance, rotation constraints
how does airline improve aircraft availability
reduce turn time, reduce flight slack time, consider more routes and red eyes, plan efficient operations
how does MRO (maintenance, repair, overhaul) improve aircraft availability
optimize check intervals in line with airline operations, reduce airplane delays, reduce airplane time in hangars
