Comm Chp 3

Question 1

Female and Male Communication Differences

Answer 1

95% Communication is the SAME

Question 2

Women are more Judgemental

Answer 2

Use emotional and cognitive brain

-> frequent interruptions and turn talking for support and clarification

Question 3

Men Compartmentalize

Answer 3

“reason” not emotion

->The essay, no interruptions

Question 4

Purpose for Communication for Men

Answer 4

Status and Negotiation

-Report Talk

Question 5

Purpose for Communication for Women

Answer 5

Connection, relationships

-Rapport talk

Question 6

Men can Hyper focus better

Answer 6

like hunters

–>More flat affect

Question 7

Women notice more

Answer 7

Gathering shit with children

–> animated facial expression

Question 8

Men and Women speak the same about a day and…

Answer 8

.. men can adjust to women’s communication style better than women can to mens

Question 9

Interupting a man

Answer 9

=>Competition sense

Question 10

Ethnocentrism

Answer 10

Belief that one’s culture is superior to another

• Otherness
• Learned Belief

Question 11

Culture- within a co culture are a learned set of….

Answer 11

a) Values- Shared Views (shared conception of what ought to be)
b) Beliefs- Shared Truths (think is true)
c) Practices- acting on value and beliefs
=>1. Value: constant learning in discipline
Belief: students benefit from constant learning
Practice: read on topic/ attend class or seminar
=>2. Value: education is important
Belief: 2nd gen students-> College degree (edu emp) lead to a better life
Practice: Action go to College

Question 12

Results of Co-cultural values differing from dominate culture:

Answer 12

a) Incompetent communication from stereotyping (generalizing)
b) Competent communication from sterotyping - music major is talented at playing an instrument
c) Racism: defined as hatred of an individual because of ethnicity
- -More differences exist between member of the SAME co culture than there are between DIFFERENT co cultures

Question 13

Hofstede: Value Dimension Theory

Answer 13

• Varying degrees of importance placed on deeply felt view fo what is right and good (Deep Structural reasons ->miscommunication)
  a) Individualism v Collectivism
  b) Power Distance
  c) Masculinity v Femininity

Question 14

American Ethnic Groups from MOST individualist to MOST collectivist

Answer 14

African Americans,
European Americans
Asian Americans
–>70% of world is collectivist culture

Question 15

Individualism Characteristics

Answer 15

-Me orientation: independence, self-expression, rights, crerativity, self- id
-Hight Content (Multiple Channels with essence of message), Low context (dont think message should be interpreted): focus on exact message, frankness, cultural ID is less important
-Attributions for Behavior: Dispositional
-emphasis on rational assessment of benefits and drawbacks of relationship
=> #1: US (individualist) , #53: Guatemala (Collectivist)

Question 16

Collectivism Characteristic

Answer 16

• We orientation (group Driven): sacrifice personal goals, appreciate the community, consider others, respect for authority/age, Family ID
• Low Content (guess message bc its not offered), High Context (read the room): expresses/understands message with focus on interpreting message within my group, promotion of harmony, in-groups/ out-groups common
• Attributions for Behavior: Situational

Question 17

Power-Distance Dimensions

Answer 17

=>Low power Distance (horizontal) Dimension: 
-Flatten Hierarches
-Equal power and Sharing
-Minimizing of ranks and titles
-encourage challenging of superiors
=> High Power Distance (Vertical) Dimension:
-Maintain Hierarchies
-Status is respected and feared
-Glorifies Titles
-Discourages challenge to superiors

Question 18

Masculinity v Femininity Dimensions

Answer 18

=> Masculinity:

• Male Dominance
• Assertiveness
• Competitiveness
• Rigid Gender Roles

=> Femininity:

• Affection
• Sensitivity
• Emotional Expressiveness
• More Flexible/Overlapping gender roles

-> #1 Japan (Masculine) #53 Sweden (feminine) #15 US

Question 19

Acculturation

Answer 19

adapting to a culture different from one’s own

Question 20

Integration

Answer 20

maintaining ethnic id while also becoming active part of dominate culture

Question 21

Assimilation

Answer 21

Abandonment of customs, practices, language, and ways of heritage for host culture–> DESTROYS and eradicates heritagesf

Question 22

Seperation

Answer 22

No connection or association with dominate culture

Question 23

Marginalization

Answer 23

No tie to either Native or New Culture

Question 24

Culture Shock (Acculturation stress)

Answer 24

engage in friendship with new culture member to get over it

-unfamiliar with new practices, rules, norms and attempt to adapt to new circumstances

Question 25

Divergence

Answer 25

widening the gap between cultures, causing differences that seperate
-Nourished by Ethnocentrism

Question 26

Covergence

Answer 26

Closing the gap, connecting

-adjust style of speaking and find common ground

Question 27

Uncertainty Reduction Theory

Answer 27

for new acquaintances, especially from different cultures, the goal is to reduce uncetainty and increase predictability

• uncomfortable with new ppl bc you’re unsure who they are
• Uncertainty leads to anxiety which affects communication effectiveness

Question 28

Socialization

Answer 28

Communiction of shared beliefs, cultural practices and values from generation to generation

Question 29

Individualist Culture: Low Context Style

Collectivist Culture: High Context Stle

Answer 29

Individualistic: Low PD (US)
Collectivist: High PD (Japan)

Question 30

Low Context Communication Style

Answer 30

verbally precise, direct, explict,

• Little assumption that others can discern what you mean WO precise verbal communication
• -> like computer Web address: Nothing can be left out
• -> Say what you mean/ whats your point

Question 31

High Context Communication Style

Answer 31

Indirect verbal expression

• Read the Room (location, setting, relationship) and Read between the Lines
• > expected to read in between the lines
• > significant info=derived from context cues
• > Harmony-> vague messages so NO OFFENSE

Question 32

Power Distance Dimension

Answer 32

variations in the acceptability of unequal power distributions in relationships

Question 33

Low PD culture (Horizontal Culture)

Answer 33

equal power sharing and discourages attention to status differences and ranking

• -> US, Grt Brt, Western influence countries
• • # 1: Malaysia (High PD) #53 Austria (Low PD) #38: US

Question 34

High PD culture (vertical culture)

Answer 34

• strong emphasis on maintaining power differences
• Authority isnt really challenged
• Malaysia, Guatamala , Phillippines, Mexico, India

Question 35

Core Value Dimension

Answer 35

-Individualism and collectivism, power distance

Question 36

Cultural Relativism

Answer 36

views cultures as merely different NOT deficient

• -assess all phenomena in perspective of the culture in which it exists
• Ethical and Moral correctness of an act can only be judged within value system of the culture

Question 37

UN Universial Declaration of Human Rights

Answer 37

-Right to life, liberty, security, freedom of speech and belief, equal protection under law, participation in political process, decent standard of liveing , necessary social services, education

Question 38

Multiculturalism

Answer 38

social intellecutal movement that promotes the value of diversity as a core principel and insists that all cultural groups be treated with respect and as equal

Question 39

Mindfulness

Answer 39

thinking about communication with others and trying to improve it by

1) careful distinction (NO STEREOTYPING)
2) Open to new info
3) recognition of different perspectives

Question 40

Masculine Cultures

Answer 40

Japan Italy Mexico US