Belief that one's culture is superior to another - Otherness - Learned Belief

Comm Chp 3 Flashcards by Alina Melnik

Female and Male Communication Differences

95% Communication is the SAME

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Women are more Judgemental

Use emotional and cognitive brain

-> frequent interruptions and turn talking for support and clarification

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Men Compartmentalize

“reason” not emotion

->The essay, no interruptions

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Purpose for Communication for Men

Status and Negotiation

-Report Talk

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Purpose for Communication for Women

Connection, relationships

-Rapport talk

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Men can Hyper focus better

like hunters

–>More flat affect

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Women notice more

Gathering shit with children

–> animated facial expression

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Men and Women speak the same about a day and…

.. men can adjust to women’s communication style better than women can to mens

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Interupting a man

=>Competition sense

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Ethnocentrism

Belief that one’s culture is superior to another

Otherness
Learned Belief

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Culture- within a co culture are a learned set of….

a) Values- Shared Views (shared conception of what ought to be)
b) Beliefs- Shared Truths (think is true)
c) Practices- acting on value and beliefs
=>1. Value: constant learning in discipline
Belief: students benefit from constant learning
Practice: read on topic/ attend class or seminar
=>2. Value: education is important
Belief: 2nd gen students-> College degree (edu emp) lead to a better life
Practice: Action go to College

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Results of Co-cultural values differing from dominate culture:

a) Incompetent communication from stereotyping (generalizing)
b) Competent communication from sterotyping - music major is talented at playing an instrument
c) Racism: defined as hatred of an individual because of ethnicity
- -More differences exist between member of the SAME co culture than there are between DIFFERENT co cultures

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Hofstede: Value Dimension Theory

Varying degrees of importance placed on deeply felt view fo what is right and good (Deep Structural reasons ->miscommunication)
a) Individualism v Collectivism
b) Power Distance
c) Masculinity v Femininity

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American Ethnic Groups from MOST individualist to MOST collectivist

African Americans,
European Americans
Asian Americans
–>70% of world is collectivist culture

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Individualism Characteristics

-Me orientation: independence, self-expression, rights, crerativity, self- id
-Hight Content (Multiple Channels with essence of message), Low context (dont think message should be interpreted): focus on exact message, frankness, cultural ID is less important
-Attributions for Behavior: Dispositional
-emphasis on rational assessment of benefits and drawbacks of relationship
=> #1: US (individualist) , #53: Guatemala (Collectivist)

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Collectivism Characteristic

We orientation (group Driven): sacrifice personal goals, appreciate the community, consider others, respect for authority/age, Family ID
Low Content (guess message bc its not offered), High Context (read the room): expresses/understands message with focus on interpreting message within my group, promotion of harmony, in-groups/ out-groups common
Attributions for Behavior: Situational

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Power-Distance Dimensions

=>Low power Distance (horizontal) Dimension: 
-Flatten Hierarches
-Equal power and Sharing
-Minimizing of ranks and titles
-encourage challenging of superiors
=> High Power Distance (Vertical) Dimension:
-Maintain Hierarchies
-Status is respected and feared
-Glorifies Titles
-Discourages challenge to superiors

Masculinity v Femininity Dimensions

=> Masculinity:

Male Dominance
Assertiveness
Competitiveness
Rigid Gender Roles

=> Femininity:

Affection
Sensitivity
Emotional Expressiveness
More Flexible/Overlapping gender roles

-> #1 Japan (Masculine) #53 Sweden (feminine) #15 US

Acculturation

adapting to a culture different from one’s own

Integration

maintaining ethnic id while also becoming active part of dominate culture

Assimilation

Abandonment of customs, practices, language, and ways of heritage for host culture–> DESTROYS and eradicates heritagesf

Seperation

No connection or association with dominate culture

Marginalization

No tie to either Native or New Culture

Culture Shock (Acculturation stress)

engage in friendship with new culture member to get over it

-unfamiliar with new practices, rules, norms and attempt to adapt to new circumstances

Divergence

widening the gap between cultures, causing differences that seperate -Nourished by Ethnocentrism

Covergence

Closing the gap, connecting | -adjust style of speaking and find common ground

Uncertainty Reduction Theory

for new acquaintances, especially from different cultures, the goal is to reduce uncetainty and increase predictability - uncomfortable with new ppl bc you're unsure who they are - Uncertainty leads to anxiety which affects communication effectiveness

Socialization

Communiction of shared beliefs, cultural practices and values from generation to generation

Individualist Culture: Low Context Style | Collectivist Culture: High Context Stle

Individualistic: Low PD (US) Collectivist: High PD (Japan)

Low Context Communication Style

verbally precise, direct, explict, - Little assumption that others can discern what you mean WO precise verbal communication - -> like computer Web address: Nothing can be left out - -> Say what you mean/ whats your point

High Context Communication Style

Indirect verbal expression - Read the Room (location, setting, relationship) and Read between the Lines - >expected to read in between the lines - >significant info=derived from context cues - >Harmony-> vague messages so NO OFFENSE

Power Distance Dimension

variations in the acceptability of unequal power distributions in relationships

Low PD culture (Horizontal Culture)

equal power sharing and discourages attention to status differences and ranking - -> US, Grt Brt, Western influence countries - - #1: Malaysia (High PD) #53 Austria (Low PD) #38: US

High PD culture (vertical culture)

- strong emphasis on maintaining power differences - Authority isnt really challenged - Malaysia, Guatamala , Phillippines, Mexico, India

Core Value Dimension

-Individualism and collectivism, power distance

Cultural Relativism

views cultures as merely different NOT deficient - -assess all phenomena in perspective of the culture in which it exists - Ethical and Moral correctness of an act can only be judged within value system of the culture

UN Universial Declaration of Human Rights

-Right to life, liberty, security, freedom of speech and belief, equal protection under law, participation in political process, decent standard of liveing , necessary social services, education

Multiculturalism

social intellecutal movement that promotes the value of diversity as a core principel and insists that all cultural groups be treated with respect and as equal

Mindfulness

thinking about communication with others and trying to improve it by 1) careful distinction (NO STEREOTYPING) 2) Open to new info 3) recognition of different perspectives

Masculine Cultures

Japan Italy Mexico US