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AQA chemistry (12, Alkanes) > Combustion of alkanes > Flashcards

Combustion of alkanes Flashcards

1
Q

What does the complete combustion of alkanes produce?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

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2
Q

What does the incomplete combustion if alkanes produce?

A

Carbon monoxide and water

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3
Q

Combustion reacts give out…

A

heat

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4
Q

More heat is produced when the carbon chains are longer or shorter?

A

Longer

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5
Q

What are the two properties of a fuel?

A

They release heat energy when undergoing combustion

They store a large amount of energy in a small amount of weight

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6
Q

What are the 5 examples of an alkane fuel?

A 
Methane
Propane
Butane
Petrol
Parraffin
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7
Q

What is bad about carbon monoxide?

A

It is a poisonous gas

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8
Q

When combustion takes place with a tiney tiny amount of oxygen, what is produced?

A

carbon (soot)

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9
Q

Incomplete combustion usually occurs with longer chain hydrocarbons. Why is this?

A

Because they need more oxygen to burn compared to shorter chains

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10
Q

What are the pollutants that combustion can produce?

A 
Carbon monoxide
Carbon dioxide
Nitrogen oxide
Sulfur dioxide
Carbon particles
Unburnt hydrocarbons 
Water vapour
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11
Q

What is bad about nitrogen oxides?

A

They react with water vapour and oxygen in the air to form nitric acid. Thus they contribute to acid rain and photochemical smog

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12
Q

How is nitric acid formed?

A

When there is enough energy for nitrogen and oxygen in the air to combine

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13
Q

What is bad about sulfur dioxide?

A

It combines with water vapour and oxygen in the air to create to form sulfuric acid. Thus it is a contributor to acid rain

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14
Q

How is sulfur dioxide formed?

A

It is produced when sulfur-containing impurities are present in crude oil

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15
Q

What is another name for carbon particles?

A

Particulates

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16
Q

What is bad about carbon particles?

A

They can worsen asthma and cause concer

17
Q

What is bad about unburnt hydrocarbons?

A

They are greenhouse gases that contribute to photochemical smog which can cause a variety of health problems

18
Q

What is bad about carbon dioxide?

A

It is a greenhouse gas which has contributed to global warming

19
Q

What is bad about water vapour?

A

It is a greenhouse gas, so contributes to global warming

20
Q

What is the name of the gases given out by power station?

A

flue gases

21
Q

What is the name of the process of removing sulfur dioxide

A

Flue gas desulfurisation

22
Q

How is the sulfur removed in flue gas desulfurisation?

A

A slurry of calcium oxide (lime) and water is sprayed into the flue gas which reacts with the calcium oxide and water to form calcium sulfite.
This is then oxidised to form calcium sulfate (gypsum)

23
Q

What is gypsum used for?

A

To make plaster

24
Q

What is an alternative to using calcium oxide?

A

Calcium carbonate (limestone)

25
Q

All new cars with petrol engines must now all possess what?

A

Catalytic converters

26
Q

What is the purpose of catalytic converters?

A

They reduce the output of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and unburnt hydrocarbons

27
Q

What is the purpose of catalytic converters?

A

They reduce the output of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and unburnt hydrocarbons

28
Q

What are the catalysts used inside a catalytic converter?

A

Platinum and rhodium

29
Q

What is the shape of a catalytic converter?

A

It is a honeycomb structre

30
Q

Why is the catalytic converter a honeycomb structure?

A

To provide a large surface area for the reactions to happen.

31
Q

How does carbon dioxide contribute to global warming?

A

It traps infrared radiation so that the Earth’s atmosphere heats up

32
Q

What is the name given to activities that produce no carbon dioxide emissions?

A

Carbon neutral

AQA chemistry (12, Alkanes) (5 decks)

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