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AQA chemistry (12, Alkanes) > Alkanes > Flashcards

Alkanes Flashcards

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1
Q

Are alkanes a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon?

A

Saturated hydrocarbon

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2
Q

What makes a saturated hydrocarbon?

A

They contain only carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen single bonds.

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3
Q

What is the main source for alkanes?

A

Crude oil

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4
Q

What are alkanes used for?

A

Fuel and lubricants

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5
Q

What is the general formula for an alkane?

A

CnH2n+2

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6
Q

What is another name for unbranched chains of hydrocarbons?

A

straight chains

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7
Q

At what angle is the carbon-carbon bonds on a straight chain alkane?

A

109.5* (so the chains are not actually straight)

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8
Q

What are the three different forms of alkanes?

A

straight chains
branched chains
ring alkanes

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9
Q

What is the general formula for a ring alkane?

A

CnH2n (because there are no end hydrogens because it is a circle)

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10
Q

What is the suffix for an alkane?

A

-ane

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11
Q

How do you find the root name when naming alkanes?

A

You look for the longest unbranched chain. For example,

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12
Q

How many isomers does butane have?

A

2

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13
Q

How many isomers does pentane have?

A

3

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14
Q

How many isomers does hexane have

A

5

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15
Q

How many isomers does heptane have?

A

9

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16
Q

How many isomers does octane have?

A

18

17
Q

Why are alkanes almost non-polar?

A

Because the electronegativities of carbon and hydrogen are so similar

18
Q

What are the only intermolecular forces between their molecules?

A

weak van der Waals forces.

19
Q

The larger the molecules the stronger or weaker the van der Waal forces will be?

A

the stronger

20
Q

As the chains of the alkanes increase does the boiling point also increase or decrease?

A

increase

21
Q

Why do alkanes with branched chains have a lower melting point than there non-branched chained siblings?

A

They can not pack together as closely as unbranched chains and so the van der Waals forces are not so affective

22
Q

Are alkanes soluble or insoluble in water?

A

Alkanes are insoluble in water

23
Q

Why are alkanes insoluble in water?

A

because water molecules are held together by hydrogen bonds which are much stronger than the van der Waal’s forces that act between alkane molecules

24
Q

When alkanes burn with plentiful supply of oxygen what do they produce?

A

Carbon dioxide and water (CO2 + H2O)

25
Q

When alkanes burn with a restricted supply of oxygen what do they produce?

A

carbon monoxide (or carbon) and water (CO + H2O)

26
Q

What will alkanes react with under suitable conditions?

A

The halogens

AQA chemistry (12, Alkanes) (5 decks)

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