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AQA Alevel Chemistry > Combustion Of Alkanes > Flashcards

Combustion Of Alkanes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the rules for balancing combustion equations ?

A

1)balance carbon first
2) balance hydrogen second
3)balance oxygen third
4)you can use half numbers

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2
Q

What is complete combustion?

A

Plentiful supply of oxygen

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3
Q

What are the products of complete combustion?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

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4
Q

What is incomplete combustion?

A

Limited supply of oxygen

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5
Q

What are the products of incomplete combustion?

A

Carbon monoxide
Water

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6
Q

What are the pollutants that pollute the atmosphere?

A

Sulfur dioxide
Particulates
Unburnt hydrocarbons eg methane
Carbon monoxide
Carbon dioxide
Nitrogen oxides
Water vapour

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7
Q

How is sulfur dioxide formed ?

A

Produced from the combustion of sulphur containing impurities in crude oil
S+O2 ->SO2

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8
Q

How are particulates formed?

A

Incomplete combustion of a fossil fuel
CH4 +O2-> C+ 2H20

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9
Q

How are unburnt hydrocarbons formed?

A

Hydrocarbons that aren’t burnt

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10
Q

How is carbon monoxide formed?

A

Incomplete combustion of a fossil fuel
CH4 +3/2O2-> CO +2H2O

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11
Q

How is carbon dioxide formed?

A

Complete combustion of a fossil fuel
CH4+2O2-> CO2 +2H2O

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12
Q

How is water vapour formed?

A

Complete and incomplete combustion

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13
Q

What are the harmful effects of SO2?

A

Combine with water vapour and oxygen in the atmosphere to form sulfuric acid
Results in acid rain and damages lakes fish,plant life and buildings

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14
Q

What are the harmful effects of SO2?

A

Combine with water vapour and oxygen in the atmosphere to form sulfuric acid
Results in acid rain and damages lakes fish,plant life and buildings

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15
Q

What are the harmful effects of particulates?

A

Can cause asthma
Carcinogenic
Global dimming

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16
Q

What are the harmful effects of unburnt hydrocarbons?

A

Greenhouse gas and form photochemical smog

17
Q

What are the harmful effects of carbon monoxide?

A

Prevents oxygen from binging to haemoglobin so is toxic to humans

18
Q

What are the harmful effects of carbon dioxide ?

A

Greenhouse gases

19
Q

What are the harmful effects of nitrogen oxides ?

A

Nitrogen oxides combine with water vapour and oxygen in the atmosphere to form nitric acid and form photochemical smog

20
Q

What are the harmful effects of water vapour ?

A

Greenhouse gas

21
Q

How is sulphur removed from coal or natural gas?

A

At the power station CaCo3 thermally decomposes at high temperatures
At the power station sulphur dioxide reacts with CaO at high temperatures

22
Q

What are catalytic converters?

A

Convert the pollutants carbon monoxide,nitrogen oxides and unburnt hydrocarbons into less harmful carbon dioxide nitrogen and water

23
Q

How do catalytic converters work?

A

Use a catalyst such as platinum or rhodium the metals are coated onto a honeycomb shaped certain material because increases surface area of catalytic

24
Q

What is the catalytic converter equation?( reaction between carbon monoxide and nitrogen monoxide to form nitrogen and carbon dioxide )

A

2CO +2NO -> N2 + 2CO2

25
Q

What is the catalytic converter equation ?( reaction between unburnt HCs and nitrogen carbon dioxide and water

A

C8H18+25NO-> 2.5 N2+ 8CO2 +9H2O

26
Q

What is global warming?

A

Global warming is an increase in the average temperature of the earth

27
Q

What are greenhouse gases?

A

Water CO2 and CH4 are molecules which absorb IR and re emit it causing the earth to warm up

28
Q

What is the greenhouse effect ?

A

When greenhouse gases trap heat

AQA Alevel Chemistry (14 decks)

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