3.3.1 Intro To Organic Chem

Question 1

Describe the displayed formula of organic compounds

Answer 1

The displayed formula of a compound shows what atoms are attached in a compound and shows every bond

Question 2

Describe the structural formula of a organic compound

Answer 2

It shows how the atoms are arranged in a molecule and in particular shows which functional groups are present

Question 3

What differs is the structural formula from the displayed formula?

Answer 3

Unlike displayed formula structural formula does not show single bonds although double/triple bonds may be shown

Question 4

Describe the skeletal formula of a compound

Answer 4

The skeletal formula of a compound is the backbone of the carbon chain. Only shows atoms that are not carbon and hydrogen.

Question 5

Define the molecular formula of a compound

Answer 5

The molecular formula of a compound gives actual number of atoms in each element in a compound for example C6H 12

Question 6

Defined the empirical formula of a compound

Answer 6

The simplest whole number ratio of each element in a compound

Question 7

Define functional group

Answer 7

An atom or group of atoms in an organic molecule which is responsible for the characteristics of that molecule

Question 8

Define homologous series

Answer 8

A set of organic compounds with the same functional group the compounds differ in the length of the hydrocarbon asset

Question 9

What characteristics of a homologous series?

Answer 9

Two adjacent members of the series series differ from each chains by the – CH2 unit
all members of the series can be prepared by the same general methods
physical properties change out the series in a regular way
members of homologous series have similar chemical properties

Question 10

What are the rules for an aliphatic compound?

Answer 10

Identify the principal functional group presents also the homologous series this gives us suffix

Check for presents of double ones in the carbon chain

select the longest continuous carbon chain that contains the principle functional group and the maximum number of C – C bonds. This is the roots

number the carbon atoms from the end that gives the lowest possible number to the principal functional group ,

identify additional functional groups. These provide the prefixes and are numbered according to their position.

Question 11

What are the first six roots in naming organic compounds?

Answer 11

1 meth
2 eth
3 prop
4 but
5pent
6 hex

Question 12

What is the alkyl group ?

Answer 12

Most common additional functional group

Question 13

What are the first six in the alkyl group?

Answer 13

Methyl
Ethyl
Propyl
Butyl
Pentyl
Hexyl

(See notes to see formula

Question 14

Summary of functional group

Answer 14

Check notes

Question 15

What are alkenes?

Answer 15

These are hydrocarbons but are unsaturated (have double bonds )

Question 16

What does unsaturated mean ?

Answer 16

Carbons have the potential to bond to additional hydrogen atoms

Question 17

General formula for alkenes

Answer 17

CnH2n

Question 18

What is the lowest possible number given to an alkene?

Answer 18

Lowest possible number is given to the double bond

Question 19

What are halogenalkenes?

Answer 19

These are hydrocarbons chains to which one or more halogen atoms have been attached.

Question 20

What are the halogens?

Answer 20

Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodine

Question 21

How are the haloalkanes named?

Answer 21

In alphabetical order if there is more than one

Question 22

What are the prefixes for the halogen ?

Answer 22

Fluoro
Chloro
Bromo
Iodo

Question 23

How do you know the names of ketones?

Answer 23

Number of carbon atoms in chain tells us the name

Question 24

Where is the position of the C=O functional group inserted?

Answer 24

Position of the c=o functional group is inserted in the middle of the name

Question 25

How do aldehydes differ from ketones?

Answer 25

C=O functions, group is at the end of the chain

Question 26

What is the suffix for aldehydes?

Answer 26

-al

Question 27

Where are carboxylic acids always placed ?

Answer 27

Always at the end of a chain

Question 28

What is the suffix of carboxylic acids

Answer 28

-oic acid

Question 29

What protein structure are antibodies?

Answer 29

Quaternary structure proteins(4 poly peptide chains)

Question 30

What are antibodies secreted by?

Answer 30

B lymphocytes eg plasma cells in response to specific antigens

Question 31

What do antibodies bind to ?

Answer 31

Bind specifically to antigens forming antigen-antibody complexes

Question 32

How do antibodies lead to the destruction of pathogens ?

Answer 32

Antibodies hint to antigen on the pathogen forming an antigen antibody complex( specific tertiary structure so binding site/variable region binds to complementary antigen)

Attract phagocytes

Phagocytes bind to the antibodies and phagocytose many pathogens at once