3.3.1 Intro To Organic Chem

Question 1

Describe the displayed formula of organic compounds

Answer 1

The displayed formula of a compound shows what atoms are attached in a compound and shows every bond

Question 2

Describe the structural formula of a organic compound

Answer 2

It shows how the atoms are arranged in a molecule and in particular shows which functional groups are present

Question 3

What differs is the structural formula from the displayed formula?

Answer 3

Unlike displayed formula structural formula does not show single bonds although double/triple bonds may be shown

Question 4

Describe the skeletal formula of a compound

Answer 4

The skeletal formula of a compound is the backbone of the carbon chain. Only shows atoms that are not carbon and hydrogen.

Question 5

Define the molecular formula of a compound

Answer 5

The molecular formula of a compound gives actual number of atoms in each element in a compound for example C6H 12

Question 6

Defined the empirical formula of a compound

Answer 6

The simplest whole number ratio of each element in a compound

Question 7

Define functional group

Answer 7

An atom or group of atoms in an organic molecule which is responsible for the characteristics of that molecule

Question 8

Define homologous series

Answer 8

A set of organic compounds with the same functional group the compounds differ in the length of the hydrocarbon asset

Question 9

What characteristics of a homologous series?

Answer 9

Two adjacent members of the series series differ from each chains by the – CH2 unit
all members of the series can be prepared by the same general methods
physical properties change out the series in a regular way
members of homologous series have similar chemical properties

Question 10

What are the rules for an aliphatic compound?

Answer 10

Identify the principal functional group presents also the homologous series this gives us suffix

Check for presents of double ones in the carbon chain

select the longest continuous carbon chain that contains the principle functional group and the maximum number of C – C bonds. This is the roots

number the carbon atoms from the end that gives the lowest possible number to the principal functional group ,

identify additional functional groups. These provide the prefixes and are numbered according to their position.

Question 11

What are the first six roots in naming organic compounds?

Answer 11

1 meth
2 eth
3 prop
4 but
5pent
6 hex

Question 12

What is the alkyl group ?

Answer 12

Most common additional functional group

Question 13

What are the first six in the alkyl group?

Answer 13

Methyl
Ethyl
Propyl
Butyl
Pentyl
Hexyl

(See notes to see formula

Question 14

Summary of functional group

Answer 14

Check notes

Question 15

What are alkenes?

Answer 15

These are hydrocarbons but are unsaturated (have double bonds )

Question 16

What does unsaturated mean ?

Answer 16

Carbons have the potential to bond to additional hydrogen atoms

Question 17

General formula for alkenes

Answer 17

CnH2n

Question 18

What is the lowest possible number given to an alkene?

Answer 18

Lowest possible number is given to the double bond