3.3.1 Intro To Organic Chem Flashcards
Describe the displayed formula of organic compounds
The displayed formula of a compound shows what atoms are attached in a compound and shows every bond
Describe the structural formula of a organic compound
It shows how the atoms are arranged in a molecule and in particular shows which functional groups are present
What differs is the structural formula from the displayed formula?
Unlike displayed formula structural formula does not show single bonds although double/triple bonds may be shown
Describe the skeletal formula of a compound
The skeletal formula of a compound is the backbone of the carbon chain. Only shows atoms that are not carbon and hydrogen.
Define the molecular formula of a compound
The molecular formula of a compound gives actual number of atoms in each element in a compound for example C6H 12
Defined the empirical formula of a compound
The simplest whole number ratio of each element in a compound
Define functional group
An atom or group of atoms in an organic molecule which is responsible for the characteristics of that molecule
Define homologous series
A set of organic compounds with the same functional group the compounds differ in the length of the hydrocarbon asset
What characteristics of a homologous series?
Two adjacent members of the series series differ from each chains by the – CH2 unit
all members of the series can be prepared by the same general methods
physical properties change out the series in a regular way
members of homologous series have similar chemical properties
What are the rules for an aliphatic compound?
Identify the principal functional group presents also the homologous series this gives us suffix
Check for presents of double ones in the carbon chain
select the longest continuous carbon chain that contains the principle functional group and the maximum number of C – C bonds. This is the roots
number the carbon atoms from the end that gives the lowest possible number to the principal functional group ,
identify additional functional groups. These provide the prefixes and are numbered according to their position.
What are the first six roots in naming organic compounds?
1 meth
2 eth
3 prop
4 but
5pent
6 hex
What is the alkyl group ?
Most common additional functional group
What are the first six in the alkyl group?
Methyl
Ethyl
Propyl
Butyl
Pentyl
Hexyl
(See notes to see formula
Summary of functional group
Check notes
What are alkenes?
These are hydrocarbons but are unsaturated (have double bonds )
What does unsaturated mean ?
Carbons have the potential to bond to additional hydrogen atoms
General formula for alkenes
CnH2n
What is the lowest possible number given to an alkene?
Lowest possible number is given to the double bond
What are halogenalkenes?
These are hydrocarbons chains to which one or more halogen atoms have been attached.
What are the halogens?
Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodine
How are the haloalkanes named?
In alphabetical order if there is more than one
What are the prefixes for the halogen ?
Fluoro
Chloro
Bromo
Iodo
How do you know the names of ketones?
Number of carbon atoms in chain tells us the name
Where is the position of the C=O functional group inserted?
Position of the c=o functional group is inserted in the middle of the name
How do aldehydes differ from ketones?
C=O functions, group is at the end of the chain
What is the suffix for aldehydes?
-al
Where are carboxylic acids always placed ?
Always at the end of a chain
What is the suffix of carboxylic acids
-oic acid
What protein structure are antibodies?
Quaternary structure proteins(4 poly peptide chains)
What are antibodies secreted by?
B lymphocytes eg plasma cells in response to specific antigens
What do antibodies bind to ?
Bind specifically to antigens forming antigen-antibody complexes
How do antibodies lead to the destruction of pathogens ?
Antibodies hint to antigen on the pathogen forming an antigen antibody complex( specific tertiary structure so binding site/variable region binds to complementary antigen)
Attract phagocytes
Phagocytes bind to the antibodies and phagocytose many pathogens at once
