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alkanes > combustion of alkanes > Flashcards

combustion of alkanes Flashcards

1
Q

what do combustion reactions gve out?

A

a large amount of heat

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2
Q

what type of enthalpy does combustion have ?

A

negative

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3
Q

what increases the heat given out in combusion of alkanes?

A

more carbons present

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4
Q

do fuel store a large amount of energy in a small weight ?why dpes it matter ?

A

yes ,this means they release alot a heat

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5
Q

when doe complete combustion of alkanes occur ?

A

when their is plenty of oxygen

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6
Q

when does incomplete combustion of alkanes occur ?

A

limited supply of o2

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7
Q

what is the equation for complete combustion ?

A

alkane(g) + oxygen(g) -> water(l) + carbon dioxide(g)

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8
Q

what is the eqaution for incompleter combustion ?

A

alkane(g) +o2(g) + CO (g) +H2O(l)

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9
Q

how does combusion of alkanes pollute the atmosphere?

A

all hydrocarbon based fuela derived from crude oil may produce pollution product when they burn .

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10
Q

what is the chemical test for carbon dioxide ?

A

bubble gas through lime water water =makes white particulate

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11
Q

what is the chemical test for water ?

A

anhydrous copper sulphate is white so turns blue or chlorine paper turns from blue to pink

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12
Q

what is the physical test for water ?

A

boil and see if it boils at 100 degrees then water

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13
Q

why does lime water make a white participate when mixed with carbon dioxide ?

A

lime water is calcium hydroxide soloution . Calcium hydroxide soloutio and carbon dioxide makes calcium carbonate (lime stone )

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14
Q

how is carbon monoxide formed ?

A

lack of oxygen so carbon dioxide can’t be formed

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15
Q

why does carbon monoxide have a negative impact ?

A

carbon monoxide is toxic -can replace oxygen in blood and lead to poisoning by oxygen deficiency

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16
Q

how is sodium dioxide formed ?

A

composition of coal and crude oil depends on where it is mixed and drills .usually only contain small qauntities of sulfur commpounds .which can be organic (CH3SH) or inorganic (H2S , FeS)
when heated in air they oxidise

17
Q

what is the negative impact of sodium dioxide?

A

toxic
air pollution

18
Q

how are nitrogen oxides produced ?

A

N2O and NO2 is produced when nitrogen is oxidised .high tem in car engine cause nitrogen and oxygen in air to react

19
Q

what is the equation for nitrogen oxides to be produced ?

A

N2+O2->2NO

20
Q

what is the negative impact of the product of nitrogen oxides ?

A

acid rain -4NO2+O2+2H2O->6HNO3

21
Q

how are unburnt hydrocarbons produced ?

A

fuels pass through car engine without combusting and is releases at petrol filling stations

22
Q

what negative impacts do unburnt hydrocarbons have

A

global dimming
respitory irritant
may cause health problems for those with breathing problems or asthma

23
Q

what is particulate matter ?

A

carbon /soot

24
Q

how is particulate matter formed ?

A

incomplete combustion of carbon containing fuel

25
Q

what is the negative impact of particulate matter ?

A

global dimming
respitory irritant

26
Q

what does a catalytic converter do ?

A

converts toxic harmful gases into less harmful gases

27
Q

what structure is a catlytic converter ?

A

honeycomb containing transition meta;s

28
Q

give the eqaution for catalytic converters ?

A

co+O2->CO2 + NOx

29
Q

how can sulfur dioxide be removed ?

A

its acidic do flue gases by reacting with an alklai

30
Q

what is used when removing sulfur dioxide by flue gases ?

A

calcium carbonate and calcium oxide mixed with water to make a slurry

31
Q

what is done with the slurry ?

A

sprayed onto flue gases

32
Q

what happens when the slurry and surfur dioxide react ?

A

reacts with alkaline slurry and produces solid waste product ,calcium sulphite

33
Q

give the eqautions for removal of sulfur dioxide by flue gases ?

A

CaO(s)+ 2H2O(l) + SO2(g) -> CaSO3(s)+ 2H2O+2H2O (l)

CaCO3(s)+ 2H2O(l) +SO2(g) ->CaSO3(s)+ 2H2O(l)+ CO2( g)

alkanes (4 decks)

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