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Science > combustion > Flashcards

combustion Flashcards

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1
Q

fuel

A

A chemical substance from which stored energy can be transferred usefully to make things happen.

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2
Q

Fuel Cell

A

Used in hydrogen-powered vehicles, releasing energy from hydrogen.

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3
Q

Fuel Cell Word Equation

A

Hydrogen + oxygen → water

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4
Q

Reactants

A

The starting substances- on left of word equation.

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5
Q

Products

A

The new substances made- on right of word equation.

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6
Q

Combustion

A

Burning, usually in air. The reaction gives out energy which is transferred to the surroundings by heating or light.

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7
Q

Fossil Fuels

A

Fuels formed from living organisms that died millions of years ago- petrol, diesel

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8
Q

Hydrocarbons

A

Only contain carbon and hydrogen atoms- petrol, diesel

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9
Q

Combustion of Hydrocarbons

A

The carbon and hydrogen atoms react with oxygen. The carbon reacts to form carbon dioxide.

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10
Q

Carbon Dioxide

A

Carbon dioxide will turn limewater cloudy.

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11
Q

Oxidation

A

Reacting with oxygen.

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12
Q

Oxide

A

Compound formed by oxidation.

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13
Q

Metal Oxides

A

Formed when metals react with oxygen.
metal + oxygen → metal oxide

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14
Q

Conservation of Mass

A

Mass is never gained or lost in a chemical reaction. The atoms in reactants just rearrange to form the products, no new atoms are made and none disappear.

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15
Q

Heating Zinc in Air

A

Forms a white powder zinc oxide. The mass will appear to increase because the zinc has combined with the oxygen in air.

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16
Q

Gas Products

A

If the product is a gas it may escape and make it seem like the mass has decreased.

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17
Q

Phlogiston

A

A substance scientists used to think explained why things burned that was then proven not to exist.

18
Q

Exothermic

A

A reaction that releases energy that we can feel as heat- combustion

19
Q

Thermometer

A

Used to measure a change in the temperature.

20
Q

Fire Triangle

A

Three factors allow combustion to
occur.

21
Q

Putting Out a Fire

A

You must remove at least one of the three factors.

22
Q

Fire Extinguishers

A

Work by cooling a fire or stopping oxygen getting to the fuel.

23
Q

Oil Fire

A

Water will sink through the oil and turn to steam making the fire spread out. Use foam or a fire blanket to keep oxygen away.

24
Q

Electrical Fire

A

Water conducts electricity so you may get a serious shock. Turn off the electricity and use a powder or carbon dioxide extinguisher.

25
Q

Complete Combustion

A

Carbon burns in plenty of air only forming carbon dioxide.

26
Q

Incomplete Combustion

A

Not enough oxygen for all the carbon to react with.

27
Q

Products of Incomplete Combustion

A

carbon dioxide- linked to global warming
carbon monoxide- poisonous gas
soot- damage lungs and trigger asthma

28
Q

Impurities

A

Small amounts of other substances in fuels.

29
Q

Sulfur Dioxide

A

Formed when hydrocarbons have a sulfur impurity.

30
Q

Nitrogen Oxide

A

Formed by high engine temperatures causing nitrogen and oxygen in air to react.

31
Q

Catalytic Converter

A

Found in cars to react carbon monoxide with more oxygen forming carbon dioxide. Also breaks down nitrogen oxides.

32
Q

Pollutants

A

Something that can harm living things and damage the environment.

33
Q

Acid Rain

A

Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides rise into the air and dissolve in water vapour. The rain is now more acidic.

34
Q

Controlling Acid Rain

A

Neutralisation reactions used to remove acidic gases from chimney smoke. Acidic soil /water can be neutralised by adding calcium carbonate.

35
Q

Greenhouse Gases

A

Trap energy from the Sun in the atmosphere e.g. carbon dioxide

36
Q

Greenhouse Effect

A

Energy trapped by greenhouse gases is transferred back to the Earth’s surface causing it to warm up.

37
Q

Earth’s Temperature Over Time

A

The temperature of the Earth has fluctuated over time it is rising rapidly now though.

38
Q

Global Warming

A

Increase in global temperature due to more greenhouse gases in the air and the greenhouse effect.

39
Q

Climate Change

A

Resulting from global warming- changes to weather patterns, more storms, flood, droughts, etc.

40
Q

Evidence

A

There is now lots of evidence for global warming. average temperatures are increasing and ice caps are melting.

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