Combusion, Acids, and Bases

Question 1

Define: combustion

Answer 1

Combustion is a chemical reaction that happens in the presence of oxygen gas (O2) and results in release of energy, along with water vapour.

Question 2

All chemical reactions obey the _______________ which states ____________________________.

Answer 2

All chemical reactions obey the law of conservation of mass which states what goes into the reaction must come out (mass of reactants = mass of products).

Question 3

What is the formula for cellular respiration?

Answer 3

C₂H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ –> 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + ATP

Question 4

What is a complete combustion reaction?

Answer 4

Complete combustion means you have a sufficient amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide is produced along with water vapour

Question 5

What is an incomplete combustion reaction?

Answer 5

Incomplete combustion means you have a limited amount of oxygen gas available and carbon monoxide is produced along with water vapour

Question 6

Why is carbon monoxide so dangerous?

Answer 6

Because CO_(g) has a greater affinity to hemoglobin than oxygen (binds to hemoglobin more readily than O_2(g) leading to suffocation

Question 7

Define: hydrocarbon combustion

Answer 7

A combustion reaction that produces an oxide of carbon (ex. CO_2(g) and CO_(g)

Question 8

What are the 3 main types of oxides that occur?

Answer 8

1. Carbon oxides
2. Sulfur oxides
3. Nitrogen oxides

Question 9

If natural gas has more than 1% H₂S_(g), then it is referred to as _______________

Answer 9

If natural gas has more than 1% H₂S_(g), then it is referred to as sour gas

Question 10

Define: sulfur oxide (SO_x)

Answer 10

• Contributes to acid deposition
• Can form due to the combustion of fossil fuels

Question 11

What are the properties of a base?

Answer 11

• pH > 7.0
• Electrolytic
• Turns red litmus blue
• Tastes bitter

Question 12

What are the properties of an acid?

Answer 12

• pH < 7.0
• Electrolytic
• Turns blue litmus red
• Tastes sour

Question 13

Define: catalytic converter

Question 14

What type of combustion reaction produces carbon monoxide?

Answer 14

Incomplete combustion

Question 15

Define: scrubbing

Answer 15

• Process used to remove one or more gasses from a mixture of gasses
• Used to remove SO_2(g) produced by the combustion of hydrocarbons

Question 16

Define: Acid deposition

Answer 16

Acids or acid-forming substances contained within precipitation or that absorb directly into parts of Earth’s surface that can be armful to plants and aquatic life

Question 17

Define: pH scale

Answer 17

• Represents the concentration of dissolved H₃O⁺_(aq) in a solution
• Each whole-number division represents a ten-fold difference in the concentration of hydronium ions

Question 18

Define: buffer

Answer 18

• A substance that resists a change in pH when an acid or base is added
• Made up of acid/base conjugate pairs

Question 19

Define: alkaline

Answer 19

A substance with a pH above 7 (basic)

Question 20

What is an ionic compound?

Answer 20

An neutral (pH = 7), electrolytic compound which forms due to the attraction of positive and negative ions

Question 21

Define: strong acid

Answer 21

• Produce more hydronium ions in solution
• Highly conductive
• Low pH

Question 22

Define: weak acid

Answer 22

• Produce less hydronium ions in solution
• Less conductive
• Higher pH

Question 23

Define: titration

Answer 23

Preside method of determining the concentration of a substance in a solution by adding measured quantities of another substance that is known to react with until the endpoint

Question 24

Define: leaching

Answer 24

The removal of metal ions from topsoil that allows for their movement into lower levels of soil or into surface water. Can be caused by acid deposition

Question 25

What is a molecular compound?

Answer 25

A neutral (pH = 7), non-electrolytic compound which is formed when elements share valence electrons

Question 26

Define: nitrogen oxide (NO_x)

Answer 26

• Contributes to acid deposition
• Can form due to high temperature combustion processes in automobiles and furnaces