Combusion, Acids, and Bases Flashcards
Define: combustion
Combustion is a chemical reaction that happens in the presence of oxygen gas (O2) and results in release of energy, along with water vapour.
All chemical reactions obey the _______________ which states ____________________________.
All chemical reactions obey the law of conservation of mass which states what goes into the reaction must come out (mass of reactants = mass of products).
What is the formula for cellular respiration?
C2H12O6 + 6 O2 –> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP
What is a complete combustion reaction?
Complete combustion means you have a sufficient amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide is produced along with water vapour
What is an incomplete combustion reaction?
Incomplete combustion means you have a limited amount of oxygen gas available and carbon monoxide is produced along with water vapour
Why is carbon monoxide so dangerous?
Because CO(g) has a greater affinity to hemoglobin than oxygen (binds to hemoglobin more readily than O2(g) leading to suffocation
Define: hydrocarbon combustion
A combustion reaction that produces an oxide of carbon (ex. CO2(g) and CO(g)
What are the 3 main types of oxides that occur?
- Carbon oxides
- Sulfur oxides
- Nitrogen oxides
If natural gas has more than 1% H2S(g), then it is referred to as _______________
If natural gas has more than 1% H2S(g), then it is referred to as sour gas
Define: sulfur oxide (SOx)
- Contributes to acid deposition
- Can form due to the combustion of fossil fuels
What are the properties of a base?
- pH > 7.0
- Electrolytic
- Turns red litmus blue
- Tastes bitter
What are the properties of an acid?
- pH < 7.0
- Electrolytic
- Turns blue litmus red
- Tastes sour
Define: catalytic converter
What type of combustion reaction produces carbon monoxide?
Incomplete combustion
Define: scrubbing
- Process used to remove one or more gasses from a mixture of gasses
- Used to remove SO2(g) produced by the combustion of hydrocarbons
Define: Acid deposition
Acids or acid-forming substances contained within precipitation or that absorb directly into parts of Earth’s surface that can be armful to plants and aquatic life
Define: pH scale
- Represents the concentration of dissolved H3O+(aq) in a solution
- Each whole-number division represents a ten-fold difference in the concentration of hydronium ions
Define: buffer
- A substance that resists a change in pH when an acid or base is added
- Made up of acid/base conjugate pairs
Define: alkaline
A substance with a pH above 7 (basic)
What is an ionic compound?
An neutral (pH = 7), electrolytic compound which forms due to the attraction of positive and negative ions
Define: strong acid
- Produce more hydronium ions in solution
- Highly conductive
- Low pH
Define: weak acid
- Produce less hydronium ions in solution
- Less conductive
- Higher pH
Define: titration
Preside method of determining the concentration of a substance in a solution by adding measured quantities of another substance that is known to react with until the endpoint
Define: leaching
The removal of metal ions from topsoil that allows for their movement into lower levels of soil or into surface water. Can be caused by acid deposition
What is a molecular compound?
A neutral (pH = 7), non-electrolytic compound which is formed when elements share valence electrons
Define: nitrogen oxide (NOx)
- Contributes to acid deposition
- Can form due to high temperature combustion processes in automobiles and furnaces
