Combining Forms Flashcards
aden/o
gland
arthr/o
joint
bi/o
life
carcin/o
cancerous, cancer
cardi/o
heart
cephal/o
head
cerebr/o
cerebrum (largest part of the brain)
cis/o
to cut
crin/o
to secrete (to form and give off)
cyst/o
urinary bladder;
a sac or cyst (sac containing fluid)
cyt/o
cell
derm/o
skin
dermat/o
skin
electr/o
electricity
encephal/o
brain
enter/o
intestines (usually the small intestine)
erythr/o
red
gastr/o
stomach
glyc/o
sugar
gnos/o
knowledge
gynec/o
woman, female
hemat/o
blood
hem/o
blood
hepat/o
liver
iatr/o
treatment, physician
leuk/o
white
log/o
study of
nephr/o
kidney
neur/o
nerve
onc/o
tumor
ophthalm/o
eye
oste/o
bone
path/o
disease
ped/o
child
psych/o
mind
radi/o
x-ray
ren/o
kidney
rhin/o
nose
sarc/o
flesh
sect/o
to cut
thromb/o
clot, clotting
ur/o
urinary tract, urine
abdomin/o
abdomen
adip/o
fat
anter/o
front
bol/o
to cast (throw)
cervic/o
neck;
cervix (neck of the uterus)
chondr/o
cartilage (type of connective tissue)
chrom/o
colour
coccyg/o
coccyx (tailbone)
crani/o
skull
cyt/o
cell
dist/o
far, distant
dors/o
back portion of the body
hist/o
tissue
ili/o
ilium (part of the pelvic bone)
inguin/o
groin
kary/o
nucleus
later/o
side
lumb/o
lower back (side and back between the ribs and the pelvis)
medi/o
middle
nucle/o
nucleus
pelv/i
pelvis, hip region
poster/o
back, behind
proxim/o
nearest
sacr/o
sacrum
sarc/o
flesh
spin/o
spine, backbone
thel/o
nipple
theli/o
nipple
thorac/o
chest
trache/o
trachea, windpipe
umbilic/o
navel, umbilicus
ventr/o
belly side of the body
vertebr/o
vertebra(e), backbone(s)
viscer/o
internal organs
abdomin/o
abdomen
acr/o
extremities, top, extreme point
acu/o
sharp, severe sudden
aden/o
gland
adip/o
fat
amni/o
amnion (sac surrounding the embryo in the uterus)
angi/o
vessel
arteri/o
artery
arthr/o
joint
axill/o
under arm, arm pit
bi/o
life
blephar/o
eyelid
bronch/o
bronchial tubes
carcin/o
cancerous, cancer
cardi/o
heart
chem/o
drug, chemical
chron/o
time
col/o
colon (large intestine)
cyst/o
urinary bladder;
sac or cyst (sac containing fluid)
encephal/o
brain
erythr/o
red
hem/o
blood
hepat/o
liver
hydr/o
water, fluid
inguin/o
groin
isch/o
to hold back
lapar/o
abdomen, abdominal wall
laryng/o
larynx, voice box
leuk/o
white
lymph/o
lymph
mamm/o
breast
mast/o
breast
morph/o
shape, form
muc/o
mucus
my/o
muscle
myel/o
spinal cord, bone marrow
necr/o
death (of cell or whole body)
nephr/o
kidney
neur/o
nerve
neutr/o
neutrophil (a white blood cell)
nucle/o
nucleus
ophthalm/o
eye
oste/o
bone
ot/o
ear
path/o
disease
peritone/o
peritoneum
phag/o
to eat, swallow
phleb/o
vein
plas/o
formation, development, growth
pleur/o
pleura (membrane surrounding lungs and adjacent to chest wall)
pulmon/o
lung
pneumon/o
lung
radi/o
x-ray
rect/o
rectum
ren/o
kidney
rhin/o
nose
sarc/o
flesh
splen/o
spleen
staphyl/o
clusters
strept/o
twisted chains
thorac/o
chest
thromb/o
clot, clotting
tonsill/o
tonsils
trache/o
trachea, windpipe
ven/o
vein
carp/o
wrist bone
cib/o
meals
cis/o
to cut
cost/o
rub
cutane/o
skin
dactyl/o
fingers, toes
duct/o
to lead, carry
flex/o
to bend
furc/o
forking, branching
gloss/o
tongue
glyc/o
sugar
immun/o
protection
later/o
side
morph/o
shape, form
mort/o
death
nat/i
birth
necr/o
death (of cell or whole body)
nect/o
to bind, tie, connect
norm/o
rule, order
ophthalm/o
eye
ox/o
oxygen
pub/o
pubis (pubic bone);
anterior portion of the pelvic or hipbone
ren/o
kidney
seps/o
infection
somn/o
sleep
son/o
sound
the/o
to put, place
thel/o
nipple
theli/o
nipple
thry/o
thyroid gland; sheild
top/o
place, position, location
tox/o
poison
trache/o
trachea, windpipe
urethr/o
urethra
ven/o
vein
an/o
anus
append/o
appendix
appendic/o
appendix
bucc/o
cheek
cec/o
cecum
celi/o
belly, abdomen
cheil/o
lip
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
choledoch/o
common bile duct
col/o
colon (large intestine)
dent/i
tooth, teeth
duoden/o
duodenum
enter/o
intestines (usually the small intestine)
esophag/o
esophagus
faci/o
face
gastr/o
stomach
gingiv/o
gums
gloss/o
tongue
hepat/o
liver
ile/o
ileum
jejun/o
jejunum
labi/o
lip
lapar/o
abdomen, abdomen wall
lingu/o
tongue
mandibul/o
lower jaw, mandible
odont/o
tooth
or/o
mouth
palat/o
palate
pancreat/o
pancreas
peritone/o
peritoneum
pharyng/o
throat
proct/o
anus and rectum
pylor/o
pyloric sphincter
rect/o
rectum
sialaden/o
salivary gland
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon
stomat/o
mouth
uvul/o
uvual
amyl/o
starch
bil/i
gall, bile
bilirubin/o
bilirubin (bile pigment)
chol/e
gall, bile
chlorhydr/o
hydrochloric acid
gluc/o
sugar
glyc/o
sugar
glycogen/o
glycogen, animal starch
lip/o
fat, lipid
lith/o
stone
prote/o
protein
py/o
pus
sial/o
saliva, salivary
steat/o
fat
abdomin/o
abdomen
amyl/o
starch
an/o
anus
append/o
appendix
appendic/o
appendix
bil/i
gall, bile
bilirubin/o
bilirubin (bile pigment)
bucc/o
cheek
cec/o
cecum
celi/o
belly, abdomen
cervic/o
neck;
cervix (neck of the uterus)
cheil/o
lip
chlorhydr/o
hypochloric acid
chol/e
gall, bile
cholangi/o
bile vessel
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
choledoch/o
common bile duct
cib/o
meals
cirrh/o
orange-yellow
col/o
colon (large intestine)
colon/o
colon
dent/i
tooth
duoden/o
duodenum
enter/o
intestines (usually the small intestine)
esophag/o
esophagus
eti/o
cause
gastr/o
stomach
gingiv/o
gums
gloss/o
tongue
gluc/o
sugar
glyc/o
sugar
glycogen/o
glycogen, animal starch
hem/o
blood
hemat/o
blood
hepat/o
liver
herni/o
hernia
idi/o
unknown
ile/o
ileum
jejun/o
jejunum
labi/o
lip
lith/o
stone
odont/o
tooth
or/o
mouth
palat/o
palate
pancreat/o
pancreas
peritone/o
peritoneum
pharyng/o
throat (pharynx)
proct/o
anus and rectum
prote/o
protein
py/o
pus
pylor/o
pyloric sphincter
rect/o
rectum
sialaden/o
salivary gland
splen/o
spleen
steat/o
fat
stomat/o
mouth
tonsill/o
tonsils
angi/o
vessel
cali/o
calyx (calix);
cup-shaped
calic/o
calyx (calix);
cup-shaped
cyst/o
urinary bladder;
sac or cyst (sac containing fluid)
glomerul/o
glomerulus
isch/o
to hold back
meat/o
meatus
necr/o
death (of cell or whole body)
nephr/o
kidney
pyel/o
renal pelvis
ren/o
kidney
trigon/o
trigone (region of the bladder)
ureter/o
ureter
urethr/o
urethra
vesic/o
urinary bladder
albumin/o
albumin (a protein in the blood)
azot/o
nitrogen
bacteri/o
bacteria
dips/o
thirst
glycos/o
glucose; sugar
hydr/o
water, fluid
kal/o
potassium
ket/o
ketone bodies (ketoacids and acetone)
keton/o
ketone bodies (ketoacids and acetone)
lith/o
stone
natr/o
sodium
noct/o
night
olig/o
scanty
py/o
pus
ur/o
urine (urea)
urin/o
urine
amni/o
amnion (sac surrounding the embryo in the uterus)
bartholin/o
Bartholin gland
cephal/o
head
cervic/o
neck;
cervix (neck of the uterus)
chori/o
chorion
chorion/o
chorion
colp/o
vagina
culd/o
cul-de-sac
episi/o
vulva
galact/o
milk
gynec/o
woman, female
hyster/o
uterus, womb
lact/o
milk
mamm/o
breat
mast/o
breast
men/o
menses, menstruation
metr/o
uterus, womb
metri/o
uterus, womb
my/o
muscle, muscle tumor
myom/o
muscle, muscle tumor
nat/i
birth
obstetr/o
pregnancy and childbirth
olig/o
scanry
o/o
egg
oophor/o
ovary
ov/o
egg
ovari/o
ovary
ovul/o
egg
perine/o
perineum
phor/o
to bear
py/o
pus
salping/o
fallopian tubes
uter/o
uterus
vagin/o
vagina
vulv/o
vulva
andr/o
male
balan/o
glans penis
cry/o
cold
crypt/o
hidden
epididym/o
epididymis
gon/o
seed
hydr/o
water, fluid
orch/o
testis, testicle
orchi/o
testis, testicle
orchid/o
testis, testicle
pen/o
penis
prostat/o
prostate gland
semin/i
semen, seed
sperm/o
spermatozoa, semen
spermat/o
spermatozoa, semen
terat/o
monster
test/o
testis, testicle
varic/o
varicose veins
vas/o
vessel, duct;
vas deferens
zo/o
animal life
alges/o
sensitivity to pain
angi/o
vessel (blood)
caus/o
burning
cephal/o
head
cerebel/o
cerebellum
cerebr/o
cerebrum
comat/o
deep sleep (coma)
crani/o
skull
cry/o
cold
dur/o
dura mater
encephal/o
brain
esthesi/o
feeling, nervous sensation
gli/o
glial cells; neuroglial cells (supportive tissue of the nervous system)
hydr/o
water, fluid
kines/o
movement
kinesi/o
movement
lept/o
thin, slender
lex/o
word, phrase
mening/o
membranes, meninges
meningi/o
meninges
my/o
muscle
myel/o
spinal cord, bone marrow
narc/o
numbness, stupor, sleep
neur/o
nerve
olig/o
scanty
pont/o
pons
radicul/o
nerve root (of spinal nerves)
spin/o
spine (backbone)
syncop/o
to cut off, cut short (faint)
tax/o
order, coordination
thalam/o
thalamus
thec/o
sheath (refers to the meninges)
troph/o
nourishment, development
vag/o
vagus nerve (10th cranial nerve)
aneurysm/o
aneurysm
angi/o
vessel
aort/o
aorta
arter/o
artery
arteri/o
artery
ather/o
yellowish plaque, fatty substance
atri/o
atrium, upper heart chamber
axill/o
under arm, armpit
branchi/o
arm
cardi/o
heart
cholesterol/o
cholesterol (a lipid substance)
coron/o
heart
cyan/o
blue
isch/o
to hold back
my/o
muscle
myx/o
mucus
ox/o
oxygen
pericardi/o
pericardium
phleb/o
vein
pulmon/o
lung
rrhythm/o
rhythm
sphygm/o
pulse
steth/o
chest
thromb/o
clot
valvul/o
valve
valv/o
valve
vas/o
vessel
vascul/o
vessel
ven/o
vein
ven/i
vein
ventricul/o
ventricle, lower heart chamber
adenoid/o
adenoids
alveol/o
alveolus, air sac
bronch/o
bronchial tube, bronchus
bronchi/o
bronchial tube, bronchus
bronchiol/o
bronchiole, small bronchus
capn/o
carbon dioxide
coni/o
dust
cyan/o
blue
epiglott/o
epiglottis
hydr/o
water, fluid
laryng/o
larynx, voice box
lob/o
lobe of the lung
mediastin/o
mediastinum
nas/o
nose
or/o
mouth
orth/o
straight, upright
ox/o
oxygen
pector/o
chest
pharyng/o
pharynx, throat
phon/o
voice
phren/o
diaphragm
pleur/o
pleura
pneum/o
air, lung
pneumon/o
air, lung
pulmon/o
lung
py/o
pus
rhin/o
nose
sinus/o
sinus, cavity
spir/o
breathing
tel/o
complete
thorac/o
chest
tonsill/o
tonsils
trache/o
trachea, windpipe
bas/o
base (alkaline, the opposite of acid)
chrom/o
colour
coagul/o
clotting
cyt/o
cell
eosin/o
red, dawn, rosy
erythr/o
red
fibrin/o
fiber
granul/o
granules
hem/o
blood
hemat/o
blood
hemoglobin/o
hemoglobin
is/o
same, equal
kary/o
nucleus
leuk/o
white
mon/o
one
morph/o
shape, form
myel/o
bone marrow, spinal core
neutr/o
neutral (neither base nor acid)
nucle/o
nucleus
phag/o
eat, swallow
poikil/o
varied, irregular
sider/o
iron
spher/o
globe, round
thromb/o
clot
axill/o
under arm, armpit
cervic/o
neck;
cervix (neck of the uterus)
immun/o
protection
inguin/o
groin
lymph/o
lymph
lymphaden/o
lymph node (gland)
splen/o
spleen
thym/o
thymus gland
tox/o
poison
acetabul/o
acetabulum (hip socket)
ankyl/o
stiff
arthr/o
joint
articul/o
joint
burs/o
bursa
calc/o
calcium
calci/o
calcium
calcane/o
calcaneus (heel)
carp/o
carpals (wrist bones)
cervic/o
neck;
cervix (neck of the uterus)
chondr/o
cartilage (type of connective tissue)
clavicul/o
clavicle (collar bone)
coccyg/o
coccyx, tailbone
cost/o
ribs
crani/o
cranium (skull)
fasci/o
fascia (forms sheaths enveloping muscles)
femor/o
femur (thigh bone)
fibr/o
fibrous connective tissue
fibul/o
fibula (smaller lower leg bone)
humer/o
humerus (upper arm bone)
ili/o
ilium (upper part of pelvic bone)
ischi/o
ischium (posterior part of the pelvic bone)
kyph/o
humpback, hunchback (posterior curvature in the thoracic region)
lamin/o
lamina (part of the vertebral arch)
leiomy/o
smooth (visceral) muscle that lines the walls of internal organs
ligament/o
ligament
lord/o
curve, swayback (anterior curvature in the lumbar region)
lumb/o
loins, lower back
malleol/o
malleolus (process on each side of the ankle)
mandibul/o
mandible (lower jawbone)
maxill/o
maxilla (upper jawbone)
metacarp/o
metacarpals (hand bones)
metatars/o
metatarsals (foot bones)
my/o
muscle
myel/o
bone marrow, spinal cord
myocardi/o
heart muscle
myos/o
muscle
olecran/o
olecranon (elbow)
orth/o
straight
oste/o
bone
patell/o
patella (kneecap)
ped/o
foot;
child
pelv/i
pelvis (hipbone)
perone/o
fibula
phalang/o
phalanges (fingers and/or toe bones)
plant/o
sole of the foot
pub/o
pubis (anterior part of the pelvic bone)
radi/o
radium (forearm bone - thumb side)
rhabdomy/o
skeletal (striated) muscle connected to bones
rheumat/o
watery flow
sacr/o
sacrum
sarc/o
flesh (connective tissue)
scapul/o
scapula (shoulder blade)
scoli/o
crooked, bent (lateral curvature)
spondylo/o
used to make words about conditions of the structure
vertebra
stern/o
sternum (breast bone)
synov/o
synovial membrane
tars/o
tarsals (bones of the hind foot)
ten/o
tendon
tendin/o
tendon
thorac/o
chest
tibi/o
tibia (shin bone)
uln/o
ulna (forearm bone - little finger side)
vertebr/o
vertebra
adip/o
far
albin/o
white
caus/o
burn, burning
cauter/o
heat, burn
cutane/o
skin
derm/o
skin
dermat/o
skin
diaphor/o
profuse sweating
erythem/o
redness
erythemat/o
redness
hidr/o
sweat
hydr/o
water, fluid
ichthy/o
dry, scaly (fish-like)
kerat/o
hard
leuk/o
white
lip/o
fat
melan/o
black
myc/o
fungus (yeasts, molds, and mushrooms)
onych/o
nail
phyt/o
plant
pil/o
hair, hair follicle
py/o
pus
rhytid/o
wrinkle
seb/o
sebum (oily secretion from sebaceous glands)
sebace/o
sebum (oily secretion from sebaceous glands)
squam/o
scale-like
steat/o
fat
trich/o
hair
ungu/o
nail
xanth/o
yellow
xer/o
dry
acous/o
hearing
ambly/o
dull, dim
anis/o
unequal
aque/o
water
audi/o
hearing;
sense of hearing
audit/o
hearing
aur/o
ear
auricul/o
ear
blephar/o
eyelid
cochle/o
cochlea
conjunctiv/o
conjunctiva
cor/o
pupil
corne/o
cornea
cycl/o
ciliary body or muscle of the eye
darcy/o
tears, tear duct
dipl/o
double
glauc/o
gray
ir/o
iris
irid/o
iris
kerat/o
cornea
lacrim/o
tears
mastoid/o
mastoid process
mi/o
smaller, less
myc/o
fungus (yeasts, molds, and mushrooms)
mydr/o
widen, enlarge
myring/o
eardrum, tympanic membrane
nyct/o
night
ocul/o
eye
ophthalm/o
eye
opt/o
eye, vision
optic/o
eye, vision
ossicul/o
ossicle
ot/o
ear
palpebr/o
eyelid
papill/o
optic disc;
nipple-like
phac/o
lens of the eye
phak/o
lens of the eye
phot/o
light
presby/o
old age
pupill/o
pupil
retin/o
retina
salping/o
eustachian tube, auditory tube
scler/o
sclera (white of the eye);
hard
scot/o
darkness
staped/o
stapes (third bone of the middle ear)
tympan/o
eardrum, tympanic membrane
uve/o
uvea;
vascular layer of the eye (iris, ciliary body, and choroid)
vestibul/o
vestible
vitre/o
glassy
xer/o
dry
aden/o
glands
andr/o
male
adrenal/o
adrenal gland
calc/o
calcium
calci/o
calcium
cortic/o
cortex, outer region
crin/o
secrete
dips/o
thirst
estsr/o
female
gluc/o
sugar
glyc/o
sugar
gonad/o
sex glands (ovaries and testes)
home/o
sameness
hormon/o
hormone
kal/i
potassium
lact/o
milk
myx/o
mucus
natr/o
sodium
pancreat/o
pancreas
parathyroid/o
parathyroid gland
phys/o
growing
pituitar/o
pituitary gland;
hypophysis
somat/o
body
ster/o
solid structure
thyr/o
thyroid gland
thyroid/o
thyroid gland
toc/o
childbirth
toxic/o
poison
ur/o
urine
aden/o
gland
alveol/o
small sac
cac/o
bad
carcin/o
cancer, cancerous
cauter/o
heat, burn
chem/o
chemical, drug
cry/o
cold
cyst/o
sac of fluid
fibr/o
fibers
follicul/o
small glandular sacs
fung/i
fungus (yeasts, molds, and mushrooms)
medull/o
soft, inner part
mucos/o
mucous membrane
mut/a
genetic change
mutagen/o
causing genetic change
necr/o
death
neur/o
nerve
onc/o
tumor
papill/o
nipple-like
pharmac/o
drug
plas/o
formation
ple/o
many, more
polyp/o
polyp
prot/o
first
radi/o
rays
sarc/o
flesh (connective tissue)
scirrh/o
hard
xer/o
dry
anxi/o
uneasy, anxious, distressed
aut/o
self
cycl/o
ciliary body or muscle of the eye
hallucin/o
hallucination, to wander in the mind
hypn/o
sleep
iatr/o
treatment
klept/o
to steal
ment/o
mind
neur/o
nerve
phil/o
attraction to, love
phren/o
mind
psych/o
mind
pyr/o
fever;
fire
schiz/o
split
somat/o
body
ton/o
tension
xen/o
stranger
