Combined Chemistry - C1 Atomic Structure and Periodic Table Flashcards
What is the name of the smallest part of an element that makes up all substances?
An atom
What do all chemical symbols,
e.g. Na and O, have to start with?
A capital letter
Approximately how many different elements are there?
There are around 100 different elements.
What is a compound?
- Two or more elements
- Chemically bonded
What is a mixture?
Two or more elements, or compounds, that are not chemically bonded together.
What separation process is shown in the diagram?
Crystallisation
What type of separation process is shown in the diagram?
Filtration
What type of separation process is shown in the diagram?
Distillation
What type of separation process is shown in the diagram?
Fractional Distillation
What type of separation process is shown in the diagram?
Chromatography
Why might a scientist decide to change or replace an existing model?
New experimental evidence is put forward
The discovery of what sub-atomic particle led to the plum pudding model of the atom?
The electron
Can you correctly label the diagram of the plum pudding model below?
Name the experiment shown in the picture
Alpha Particle Scattering Experiment
What were the two major things the alpha scattering experiment told us about the atom?
- The mass was concentrated at the centre (the nucleus)
- The nucleus was positively charged.
Who said the electrons orbit at specific distances?
Bohr
What similarities are there between elements in the same group?
- Same number of electrons in outer shell
- Similar Properties
Q. What are the columns in the Periodic Table called?
• Groups
What are the names of the sub-atomic particles in the nucleus of the atom?
Protons and Neutrons
Who discovered the neutron?
Chadwick
What are the relative charges of the particles in an atom?
What are the relative masses of the particles in an atom?
Q. What is the charge on an atom?
• There is no overall charge on atom
What is an isotope?
Atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons.
How were elements in the early periodic tables arranged?
By atomic weights
Who designed a Periodic Table that left gaps for undiscovered elements?
Mendeleev
What charge do non-metal ions (except Hydrogen) have?
Negative
What charge do metal ions have?
Positive
Q. Where are metals found on the Periodic Table?
Q. Where are the non-metals on the Periodic Table?
- Metals are on the Left-Hand Side of the Periodic Table
- Non-metals are on the Right-Hand Side of the Periodic Table
What are the elements in Group 0 called?
Noble Gases
Explain why noble gases are unreactive.
They have a full outer shell of electrons.
How does the boiling point of noble gases change as you go down the group?
It increases
What is the name given to the elements in Group 1 of the Periodic Table?
Alkali Metals
What happens the the reactivity of alkali metals as you go down the group?
Reactivity Increases
What are the elements in Group 7 of the Periodic Table called?
Halogens
Which group of elements form molecules made up of pairs of atoms?
The Halogens (Group 7)
Q. What happens to the melting and boiling points of Halogens as you go down the group?
Q. What happens to the reactivity of the Halogens as you go down the group?
- Melting and boiling points increase
- Reactivity decreases
Q. What is the name for a reaction when a more reactive element takes the position of a less reactive element?
• Displacement Reaction
Q. What are the rows in the Periodic Table Called?
• Periods
Q. How are the elements in the Periodic Table arranged?
• Atomic (proton) number
