Combination (Mid Years And EOY)

Question 1

What are the 4 parts of the Earth

Answer 1

Crust, Mantle, Outer and Inner core

Question 2

What are the properties of the Crust

Answer 2

Rock and minerals. Mainly basalt and granite and is the thinnest layer

Question 3

What are the properties of the Mantle

Answer 3

Semi Molten rock - plastic rock. Thickest layer of the Earth

Question 4

What are the properties of the Outer Core

Answer 4

Semi liquid Iron. This means it is also magnetic. 2300km big

Question 5

What are the properties of the Inner Core

Answer 5

SOLID iron and nickel due to pressure and 1250km thick

Question 6

Name at least 2 of Wegner’s Tectonic Theory: Evidence

Answer 6

Jigsaw fit: the continents on the map seem to fit in place with each other
Convection Currents: splurges of magma from the mantle that move
tectonic plates
Fossil Theory: in accordance to the jigsaw fit, there were fossils found of native species but in completely different coastal areas on different continents.
Palaeomagnetism: How similar mountain ranges and underwater systems correlate to match the jigsaw fit since they are sepperated by different whole continents.

Question 7

Name the major plate boundaries. At least 5

Answer 7

Eurasian, African, North America, South America, Indo-Australian, Nazca, Pacific, Cocos, Juan de Fuca.

Question 8

Why are volcanoes found at plate boundaries

Answer 8

They can be found at plate boundaries that either push or pull. This is because where there is subduction and/or pressure there is molten magma that can build up from those processes.

Question 9

How do convection currents occur

Answer 9

Convection currents occur when there is radioactive decay in the outer core and it heats up the mantle’s semi molten rock to extreme temperatures and causes them to rise.
Then they spread out and move the slowest but are still able to pull tectonic plates with them.
Finnally the convection current cool and sink back to the bottom of the mantle and can then be re-heated.

Question 10

What is the Richter Scale and how is it used

Answer 10

The richter scale can measure the magnitude of an earthquake using a seismograph. Each number on its scale is 10 more powerful than the last. Measures the STRENGTH

Question 11

What is the Mercalli Scale ( how is it used )

Answer 11

The mercalli scale measures the damage and impacts caused by an earthquake using illustrative phrases for description on a scale of 1-12. 1=Nothing is felt. 6=Slight damge to builds. 12=Total destruction.

Question 12

What is a Convergent Plate boundary

Answer 12

-A convergent plate boundary is when the oceanic and continental plates are moving towards each other.
-The oceanic plate is more dense and sinks while the continental plate goes above it.
-Here volcanoes can form and are fed by the melting crust that is the oceanic rock.
-Earthquakes can also occur here when the two plates slip or have to much pressure and snap - creating an earthquake of massive destruction.

Question 13

What is a divergent plate boundary

Answer 13

A divergent plate boundary is when both plates are moving away from each other. It is common for there to be many earthquakes here. Since both plates are moving away, this allows the magma from the mantle to rise and normally solidifies to make an oceanic crust underwater ( oceanic )

Question 14

Name some impacts from the Haiti earthquake

Answer 14

-Many millions of people were left without a home

-Hundreds of thousands died

-Many businesses were destroyed

-The police force was immobilised and also many prisoners escaped

-The ports, airports and hospitals were destroyed

Question 15

Name some types of responses from the Haiti Earthquake

Answer 15

-Many charities came over to help although many ports were shut down

-Millions of people had to be placed in temporary housing

-New houses had to be built quickly

-Many businesses went bankrupt and many jobs were lost leading to a economy failure

Question 16

Why were the impacts of Haiti so bad

Answer 16

-There was absolutely appalling build quality

-Many people were out and about since it was around ‘home time’

-There was extreme poverty and no electrical power meaning that many had no clue what was going on and got caught up outside, in house or on the road.

Question 17

Explain the causes and effects of the Indian Ocean tsunami

Answer 17

Cause-The tsunami was caused by a scale 9 richter earthquake in the ocean and meant that many thousands of tonnes of water were displaced and sent at insane speeds in all directions.
-As it got closer to land it grew in size and got even more dangerous.
Effect-The tsunami affected at least 12 countries that all reported many deaths and a lot of destruction.

Question 18

What is Prediction, Preparation and Protection

Answer 18

prediction is were countries have invested a lot into tectonic prediction systems because they are close to tectonic plate boundaries and this helps them to:
preparation is were citizens of a country are advised to keep certain items at hand or in a safe place in case of emergency e.g. survival knife, two days of tinned food, flashlight and torch and a first aid kit.
Protection is both a countries investments in tectonic proofing thier public and housing building and also is the practice of people knowing how to have the highest chance of survival:
get low, find cover or a strong wall, hold on/ stay with your cover

Question 19

What is a superpower nation

Answer 19

A superpower is an extremely powerful country and capable of influencing international events and political acts and has enough power to be seen all over the world.

Question 20

List the factors needed to become a Superpower

Answer 20

Resources,
military strength,
political power,
size,
economic strength,
population
and soft power.

Question 21

State the emerging superpower nations referred to as B.R.I.C.

Answer 21

B-razil
R-ussia
I-ndia
C-hina

Question 22

State the names of the emerging superpower nations referred to as M.I.N.T.

Answer 22

M-exico
I-ndonesia
N-igeria
T-urkey

Question 23

What 2 things will happen at a divergent (constructive) plate boundary

Answer 23

Shield volcano/earthquakes

Question 24

What 3 things will happen at a convergent (destructive) plate boundary

Answer 24

Cone/composite volcano and earthquakes and fold mountains

Question 25

What will happen at a **conservative (transform)** plate boundary

Answer 25

Earthquakes

Question 26

What scale for earthquakes will most likely use a **seismometer**

Answer 26

Richter

Question 27

What plate boundary types are **volcanoes** found at?

Answer 27

**Divergent (constructive)** and **Convergent (destructive)**

Question 28

At what plate boundaries do earthquakes occur?

Answer 28

**Trick Question -** All boundaries have earthquakes

Question 29

What is the definition of **Development**

Answer 29

Development is the economic, social and political progress a country or people make. For it to be beneficial and must be sustainable (long term) and experienced by many people across society.

Question 30

What is the definition of **Globalisation**

Answer 30

Globalisation is the process by which places in the world are becoming increasingly interconnected and interdependent as a result of the huge increase in the global trade of goods, global companies, movement of people and cultural exchange between different areas of the world

Question 31

What are **TNC's**

Answer 31

Transnational Corporations: they are companies that produce and sell products and are located in more than one country.

Question 32

Give some reasons why the **Middle East** is a _Major Economic Region_

Answer 32

- they are right next to 3 major continents (Africa, Europe and Asia; - they hold 46% ( the majority ) of the worlds oil reserves - they produce more oil per day than they consume

Question 33

Name 5 factors why there is _conflict_ in the **Middle East**

Answer 33

**-Borders** (some borders majorly take away from some countries reserves like **oil**) **-The Arab Spring** (a period of **protests in 2011** over **unfair government**) **-Oil** (since oil has **a lot of value** and therefore leads to others **wanting control** of it) **-Religion** (religion gives people **reason to hate others** and leads to **a lot of tension e.g. Sunni Vs Shia**) **-Iraq War** (**in 2003 Iraq and Saudi Arabia** had very bad conflict after **Suddan Hussain was overthrown**)

Question 34

What is a **HDI**

Answer 34

**Human Development Index**: is the score of a country that is determined by factors like _literacy rate and life expectancy_.

Question 35

What is **GNI**

Answer 35

The total of all money produced per year by a countries workers

Question 36

What is **GDP per Capita**

Answer 36

The total value of goods and services shared out equally among the population of a country.

Question 37

What are some _Negatives_ about **Globalisation**

Answer 37

**-TNC's don't have to pay tax in other countries** (meaning that the country wont benefit from this) **-Workers usually get minimum wage** **-Workers have long hours and barely any breaks** **-Workers could receive abuse or violence** **-The factories are normally bad for the environment**

Question 38

What are some _Positives_ of **Globalisation**

Answer 38

**-Creates more jobs** **-Improves countriesFDI** **-TNC's can spread their culture** **-Boosts a countries economy and living standards** **-Migration of Skilled Workers**

Question 39

What is **Global Inequality**

Answer 39

Global Inequality is extreme differences **between poverty and wealth**, as well as in people's wellbeing and **access** to things like **jobs, housing and education**.

Question 40

What is the definition of an **IGO**

Answer 40

Inter-governmental Organisation

Question 41

Why do we need **IGO's**

Answer 41

-They allow states to _cooperate and coordinate in specific fields_ while retaining their **sovereignty ( Authority/power over others)** - They also help to hold states or individuals **accountable for injustice** while also acting to **preserve peace** and hold **international law**

Question 42

What is a **Uni-Polar world system**

Answer 42

where most of the world region's economic, social, cultural aspects are influenced by a **single state/country**

Question 43

What is a **Bi-Polar world system**

Answer 43

a system of world order in which the majority of global economic, military and cultural influence is held between **two countries**

Question 44

What is a **Multi Polar World System**

Answer 44

When power is distributed between at least **3 significant countries**

Question 45

What is **Colonialism**

Answer 45

The act of one nation controlling another for economic gain. E.g. **Britain's control over India**

Question 46

What are the **6 factors** that lead the **British Empire into decline**

Answer 46

**World War 2**: after the war Britain no longer had the **money or manpower** to **control their empire**. **-New superpowers**: by the end of WW2 America and Russia had become the worlds leading superpowers. **-Money**: Britain was no longer as rich as they were before **-Nationalism**: since Britain spread this idea, it lead to others wanting their own independence. **-Indian Independence**: the loss of India in the British Empire showed others that they could leave too **-Opinion at Home**: People in Britain did not really want an Empire anymore

Question 47

What is **Cultural Imperialism**

Answer 47

The practice of **promoting and imposing a culture**, usually that of a politically powerful nation, **over a less powerful society**

Question 48

What are some _Negatives_ about the **British Empire's Legacies**

Answer 48

-Religious Conflict -Poverty -Slavery -Instability -Over Extraction of Resources -Loss of Cultures

Question 49

What are some _warning signs_ of a **Volcanic Eruption**

Answer 49

- Earthquakes - Magma bulge can appear - Temperatures of the volcano can rise - Sulphur dioxide is emitted - Knowledge of Cycles of activity and inactivicty - Rock samples ( can suggest eruption is near )