Mid Years Flashcards
What are the 4 parts of the Earth
Crust, Mantle, Outer and Inner core
What are the properties of the Crust
Rock and minerals. Mainly basalt and granite and is the thinnest layer
What are the properties of the Mantle
Semi Molten rock - plastic rock. Thickest layer of the Earth
What are the properties of the Outer Core
Semi liquid Iron. This means it is also magnetic. 2300km big
What are the properties of the Inner Core
SOLID iron and nickel due to pressure and 1250km thick
Name at least 2 of Wegner’s Tectonic Theory: Evidence
Jigsaw fit: the continents on the map seem to fit in place with each other
Convection Currents: splurges of magma from the mantle that move tectonic plates
Fossil Theory: in accordance to the jigsaw fit, there were fossils found of native species but in completely different coastal areas on different continents.
Palaeomagnetism: How similar mountain ranges and underwater systems correlate to match the jigsaw fit since they are sepperated by different whole continents.
Name the major plate boundaries. At least 5
Euroasian, African, North America, South America, Indo-Australian, Nazca, Pacific, Cocos, Juan de Fuca.
Why are volcanoes found at plate boundaries
They can be found at plate boundaries that either push or pull. This is because where there is subduction and/or pressure there is molten magma that can build up from those proccesses.
How do convection currents occur
Convection currents occur when there is radioactive decay in the outer core and it heats up the mantle’s semi molten rock to extreme temperatures and causes them to rise.
Then they spread out and move the slowest but are still able to pull tectonic plates with them.
Finnally the convection current cool and sink back to the bottom of the mantle and can then be re-heated.
What is the Richter Scale and how is it used
The richter scale can measure the magnitude of an earthquake using a seismograph. Each number on its scale is 10 more powerful than the last. Measures the STRENGTH
What is the Mercalli Scale ( how is it used )
The mercalli scale measures the damge and impacts caused by an earthquake using illustrative phrases for description on a scale of 1-12. 1=Nothing is felt. 6=Slight damge to builds. 12=Total destruction.
What is a Convergent Plate boundary
-A convergent plate boundary is when the oceanic and continental plates are moving towards each other.
-The oceanic plate is more dense and sinks while the continental plate goes above it.
-Here volcanoes can form and are fed by the melting crust that is the oceanic rock.
-Earthquakes can also occur here when the two plates slip or have to much pressure and snap - creating an earthquake of massive destruction.
What is a divergent plate boundary
A divergent plate boundary is when both plates are moving away from each other. It is common for there to be many earthquakes here. Since both plates are moving away, this allows the magma from the mantle to rise and normally solidifies to make an oceanic crust underwater ( oceanic )
Name a couple of impacts from the Haiti earthquake
Many millions of people were left without a home
Hundreds of thousands died
Many buisnesses were destroyed
The police force was imobilised and also many prisoners escaped
The ports, airports and hospitals were destroyed
Name a couple of responses from the Haiti Earthquake
Many charites came over to help although many ports were shut down
Millions of people had to be placed in temporary housing
New houses had to be built quickly
Many buissnesses went bankrupt and many jobs were lost leading to a economy failure
Why were the impacts of Haiti so bad
There was absolutely appaulling build quality
Many people were out and about since it was around ‘home time’
There was extreme poverty and no elecrical power meaning that many had no clue what was going on and got caught up outside, in house or on the road.
Explain the causes and effects of the Indian Ocean tsunami
Cause-The tsunami was caused by a scale 9 richter earthquake in the ocean and meant that many thousands of tonnes of water were displaced and sent at insane speeds in all directions.
-As it got closer to land it grew in size and got even more dangerous.
Effect-The tsunami affected at least 12 countires that all reported many deaths and alot of destruction.
What is Prediction, Preparation and Protection
prediction is were countries have invested a lot into tectonic prediction systems because they are close to tectonic plate boundaries and this helps them to:
preparation is were citizens of a country are advised to keep certain items at hand or in a safe place in case of emergency e.g. survival knife, two days of tinned food, flashlight and torch and a first aid kit.
Protection is both a countries investments in tectonic proofing thier public and housing building and also is the practice of people knowing how to have the highest chance of survival:
get low, find cover or a strong wall, hold on/ stay with your cover
What is a superpower nation
A superpower is an extremely powerful country and capable of influencing international events and political acts and has enough power to be seen all over the world.
List the factors needed to become a Superpower
Resources, military strength, political power, size, economic strength, population and soft power.
State the emerging superpower nations reffered to as B.R.I.C.
B-razil
R-ussia
I-ndia
C-hina
State the names of the emerging superpower nations reffered to as M.I.N.T.
M-exico
I-ndonesia
N-igeria
T-urkey
What two things will happen at a divergent (constructive) plate bounty
Shield volcano/earthquakes
What three things will happen at a convergent (destructive) plate boundry
Cone/composite volcano/, earthquakes and fold mountains
What will happen at a conservative (transform) plate bounty
Earthquakes
What two things happen at a convergent collision boundary
Fold mountain/earthquakes
What scale for earthquakes will most likely use a seisometer
Richter
