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Level 2 Study > COMBANK > Flashcards

COMBANK Flashcards

1
Q

What is the treatment for anal fissure?

A

supportive measures (sitz bath, fiber, topical analgesics)
topical vasodilator (nifedipine or nitroglycerin)

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2
Q

What should be suspected in patients who present with liver failure and no obvious cause?

A

Budd-Chairi syndrome

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3
Q

Common risk factors for developing Budd-Chiari syndrome?

A

oral contraceptive use
pregnancy
pregnancy within last 2 months

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4
Q

What is the pathophysiology of Factor V Leiden mutation?

A

mutation of F5 gene causing Factor V to be insensitive to activated protein C, a natural anticoagulant, leading to increased risk of clotting

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5
Q

Prophylaxis treatment following solid organ transplant

A
  • annual influenza vaccine
  • TMP-SMX +/- gancyclovir or valgancyclovir
  • +/- fungal prophylaxis ie. itraconazole
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6
Q

Major reason patient’s are started on prophlyactic TMP-SMX following solid organ transfer?

A

PCP prophylaxis

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7
Q

HER2 positive breast cancer patients should receive what medication?

A

trastuzumab

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8
Q

All hormone receptor positive patients with breast cancer should receive what medication?

A

tamoxifen

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9
Q

What is the other name for frontotemporal dementia?

A

Pick Disease

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10
Q

Female patients exposed to DES while in utero are at increased risk for what type of cancer?

A

clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

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11
Q

First treatment for hyperkalemia if there are any EKG changes?

A

calcium gluconate (cardioprotective)

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12
Q

What is the term for a collection of blood in the anterior chamber of the eye after trauma?

A

hyphema

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13
Q

What are the common risk factors for urinary retention?

A
  • amitriptyline
  • atropine
  • diphenhydramine
  • epidural anesthesia
  • opioid analgesics
  • pelvic surgery
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14
Q

What is the mainstay treatment for mild croup?

A

dexamethasone

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15
Q

What is the term for the rash seen with Lyme disease?

A

Erythema migrans

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16
Q

Warfarin-induced skin necrosis is most common among what population?

A

inherited protein C deficiency

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17
Q

What is the differential diagnosis of digital clubbing?

A
  • bronchogenic carcinoma
  • cystic fibrosis
  • bronchiectasis
  • asbestosis
  • cyanotic congenital heart disease
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18
Q

What are teh 3 classic presenting symptoms of aortic stenosis?

A
  • S - syncope
  • A - angina
  • D - dyspnea
19
Q

The primary respiratory mechanism for cranial bone movement relies on dural attachment at what locations?

A
  • foramen magnum
  • C2
  • C3
  • S2
20
Q

Posterior costa tender points are most commonly associated with what type of dysfunction?

A

inhalation dysfunction

21
Q

What is the treatmetn for neoatal gonoccal purulant conjunctivitis?

A

IM 3rd generation cephalosporin

22
Q

What are the CSF findings in a person with Guillain-Barre syndrome?

A

increased protein with normal leukocyte count

23
Q

What is the Kussmaul sign and what does it indicate?

A

hypotension and jugular venous distension
signs of RV infarction

24
Q

What is the treatment for pediatric patients with symptomatic hypovolemic hypernatremia?

A

isotonic fluid resuscitation
(0.9% saline)

25
Q

Initial treatment for pericarditis?

A

NSAIDs plus colchicine

26
Q

What medication is first-line choice for variceal bleeding prophylaxis?

A

non-selective beta blocker
ie. propranolol and nadolol

27
Q

Treatment for vWF deficiency?

A

desmopressin

28
Q

Lateral epicondylitis is likely due to microscopic tear in what muscle?

A

extensor carpi radialis brevis

29
Q

What is the treatment for bacterial meningitis?

A

ceftriaxone, vancomycin, ampicillin

30
Q

Common side effect of oxcarbazepine and carbamezapine?

A

hyponatremia

31
Q

Why can lactulose cause non-anion gap metabolic acidosis?

A

large volume loss of bicarbonate

32
Q

Histology of Meckel’s diverticulum?

A

heterotrophic gastric glands within the small bowel epithelium

33
Q

Based on the probable diagnosis of the following patient, what would you expect to see on kidney biopsy?
* recurrent sinusitis
* saddle-nose deformity
* palpable purpura
* positive c-ANCA

A

granulomatosis with polyangitis
biopsy: segmental crescent necrotizing glomerularnephritis

34
Q

What is the initial treatment for acute interstitial nephritis?

A

stop affending agent and start prednisone (glucocorticoid)

35
Q

What are the symptoms of hypercalcemia?

A
  • muscle pain
  • depressed mood
  • polyuria
  • constipation
36
Q

first line treatment for acute bacterial prostatitis?

A

TMP-SMX

37
Q

A systolic flow murmur and conjunctival pallor are indications of what condition?

A

anemia

38
Q

What is the preventative and thereapeutic treatment for post-cardiac injury syndrome (dressler syndrome)?

A

Preventative
* colchicine

Therapeutic
* NSAIDs
* colchicine (add on therapy)
* glucocorticoids for refractory cases

39
Q

What is the mechanism of action of methotrexate?

A

inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase

40
Q

A patient presenting with the following symptoms likely has what diagnosis?
* chronic cough
* near syncope
* complete AV block
* bilateral midfield lung opacities on x-ray

A

sarcoidosis

41
Q

Mechanism of Action of Acetazolamide?

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
increase urinary excretion of bicarbonate

42
Q

What medications are contraindicated in Prinzmetal angina?

A

non-selective beta blockers
ie propranolol

43
Q

What is the treatment for beta-blocker overdose?

A

glucagon

Level 2 Study (4 decks)

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