Colours of ions and basic definitions

Question 1

what is a transition element

Answer 1

A d-block element that can form at least one stable ion with a partially filled d-subshell

Question 2

What two elements are NOT transition elements, and why?

Answer 2

scandium and zinc because they do not form a stable ion with a partially filled d subshell. (scandium forms Sc3+ which has an empty d subshell and Zinc forms Zn2+ which has a completely filled d subshell).

Question 3

What is different about copper and chromium

Answer 3

One electron from the 4s subshell jumps to the 3d subshell to form a full/ half full 3d subshell which is more stable. Copper : 4s1 3d10
Chromium: 4s1 3d5

Question 4

colour of V2+

Answer 4

violet

Question 5

colour of V3+

Answer 5

green

Question 6

colour of VO+2

Answer 6

Blue

Question 7

colour of VO2 ^+

Answer 7

yellow

Question 8

colour of cr3+

Answer 8

Green but violet when surrounded by 6H2O

Question 9

colour of Cr2O7^2-

Answer 9

orange

Question 10

colour of Mn2+

Answer 10

pale pink

Question 11

colour of MnO4 ^2-

Answer 11

green

Question 12

colour of Mno4^ -

Answer 12

purple

Question 13

colour of Fe2+

Answer 13

pale green

Question 14

colour of Fe3+

Answer 14

yellow

Question 15

colour of Co2+

Answer 15

Pink

Question 16

colour of Ni2+

Answer 16

green

Question 17

colour of Cu 2+

Answer 17

Blue

Question 18

colour of Ti 3+

Answer 18

Purple

Question 19

colour of Ti 2+

Answer 19

Violet

Question 20

What are the properties of transition metals?

Answer 20

-Variable oxidation states
-Form coloured ions in solution
-Good catalysts
-Can form complex ions