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General Surgery > Colorectal Surgery Terminology List > Flashcards

Colorectal Surgery Terminology List Flashcards

1
Q

Abdominoperineal Resection

A

Removal of the anus, rectum, and part or all of the sigmoid colon

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2
Q

Adhesion

A

Bands of connective tissue the body forms in response to inflammation; may occur as the result of surgery

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3
Q

Anal fissure

A

Small scrapes or tears around the anus

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4
Q

Anastomosis

A

Occurs when two pieces of the GI tract that were previously separated are surgically connected

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5
Q

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM)

A

Abnormal connections between arteries and veins; often found in the elderly and one of the most common causes of small intestinal bleeding.

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6
Q

BRBPR

A

Bright red blood per rectum

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7
Q

Colonoscopy

A

An invasive procedure in which a scope is used to take images and possibly biopsies of a patient’s colon and terminal ileum

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8
Q

Colostomy bag

A

Bag used to collect fecal matter from a stoma

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9
Q

Dentate

A

The point at which the anus becomes the rectum, indicated by a change in epithelial cell type

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10
Q

Diverticulitis

A

A flare of diverticulosis, where the pouches in diverticulosis become inflamed or infected

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11
Q

Diverticulosis

A

Pouches that often typically form i nthe sigmoid colon as a result of chronic constipation

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12
Q

Duodenum

A

The first portion of the small intestine

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13
Q

Esophagogastroduodenos copy (EGD)

A

An invasive procedure in which a scope is inserted into a patient’s throat and takes images of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum

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14
Q

Fecal incontinence

A

A symptom where the patient cannot control their bowels and spontaneously passes feces

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15
Q

Fecal occult blood test (FOBT)

A

A test ordered to determine whether blood is present in the patient’s stool

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16
Q

Fistula

A

A tunnel-like structure that connects two different structures; forms as a result of inflammation

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17
Q

Fresh frozen plasma (FFP)

A

A solution provided to the patient who requires fluid replacement during surgery

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18
Q

Hartmann procedure

A

A type of surgery used for severe diverticulitis

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19
Q

Hematochezia

A

Bleeding from the anus

20
Q

Hemicolectomy

A

Removal or either the left or right half of the colon

21
Q

Hemorrhoid

A

An outpouching of a vein around the anus

22
Q

Hemorrhoidectomy

A

Removal of a hemorrhoid

23
Q

Ileum

A

The distal part of the small intestine

24
Q

Inflammatory bowel disease

A

Group of autoimmune inflammatory disease which include Crohn’s and ulcerative colitis

25
Q

INR

A

A test that evaluates how fast the patient clots

26
Q

Internal sphincterotomy

A

Small incision of the internal and sphincter to temporarily weaken it

27
Q

IPAA

A

Ileal pouch anal anastomosis; also called a J-pouch

28
Q

Jejunum

A

The middle portion of the small intestine

29
Q

Laparoscopic

A

An approach to surgery in which small holes are made in the patient’s abdomen to allow for a scope and surgical tools to be inserted and perform surgery

30
Q

Lysis of adhesions (LOA)

A

A surgery performed to break down adhesions which may have been formed as a result of inflammation or prior surgery

31
Q

Packed red blood cell (pRBC)

A

Blood packs that are used to replace blood lost during surgery

32
Q

Pelvic floor dysfunction

A

When the muscles in the pelvis are not properly working

33
Q

Polyp

A

A finger-like mass that may be either benign or precancerous

34
Q

Polypectomy

A

Removal of a polyp

35
Q

Postoperative day (POD)

A

A term used in the first sentence prior to the chief complaint to show how far from surgery the patient is currently

36
Q

Proctocolectomy

A

Removal of both the colon and the rectum

37
Q

PT/PTT

A

A type of blood test like the INR to determine the clotting time of blood

38
Q

Rectal prolapse

A

A condition in which the rectum comes through the anus and may come out of the body; aka rectocele

39
Q

Rectopexy

A

Procedure to correct rectal prolapse

40
Q

Segmental colectomy

A

Removal of a portion of the colon

41
Q

Seton

A

A string-like structure that is placed inside fistulas and tightened over time to help the fistula close

42
Q

Small bowel resection

A

Removal of a portion of the small intestines

43
Q

Stoma

A

An artificial opening between a part of the bowel and the surface of the obdy

44
Q

Terminal ileum (TI)

A

The final portion of the ileum

45
Q

Total colectomy

A

Removal of the entire colon

46
Q

Type and cross

A

Lab test to determine blood type

47
Q

Volvulus

A

Twisting of the sigmoid and cecum colon

General Surgery (3 decks)

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