Colorectal Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

most common type of colorectal cancer

A

adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where are the majority of cancers located

A

rectum / sigmoid colon (left side)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

genetic risk factors for colorectal cancer

A

familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome (FAP)

hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is FAP

A

familial adenomatous polyposis

  • autosomal dominant disorder of tumour suppressor APC gene
  • many adenomatous polyps throughout the colon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is HNPCC

A

hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer

  • autosomal dominant disorder of DNA mismatch repair system
  • develop right sided carcinomas (usually most common sigmoid colon- left sided)
  • no polyps
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

risk factors for colorectal cancer

A
increasing age
family hx
IBD
low fibre diet
high processed meat intake
smoking + alcohol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

most common presenting symptom of colorectal cancer

A

change in bowel habit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

presentation of right sided cancers

A

often present late

  • weight loss
  • anaemia
  • abdo pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

presentation of left sided cancers

A

change in bowel habit
PR bleeding
tenesmus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

which patients should be referred for urgent investigation of suspected bowel cancer

A
  1. > 40 with unexplained weight loss + abdo pain
  2. > 50 with unexplained rectal bleeding
  3. > 60 with iron deficiency anaemia / change in bowel habit
  4. +ve occult blood screening test
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what colorectal cancer screening is offered in the UK

A

FIT test every 2 years for men + woman between 60-75

- detects blood in faeces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

gold standard investigation for diagnosing colorectal cancer

A

colonoscopy with biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

tumour marker in colorectal cancer

A

CEA

- Used to monitor disease progression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

management of colorectal cancer

A

surgery if suitable + chemotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

surgical procedure for tumour of the caecum or ascending colon

A

right hemicolectomy

- extended right hemicolectomy for tumours of transverse colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

surgical procedure for tumour of descending colon

A

left hemicolectomy

17
Q

surgical procedure for tumour of sigmoid colon

A

sigmoidcolectomy

18
Q

when is an anterior resection done

A

tumours of low sigmoid colon or high rectum

19
Q

surgical procedure for tumour of low rectum

A

abdominoperoneal resection

  • removes rectum + anus
  • patient has permanent colostomy
20
Q

what is a primary anastomosis

A

reconnection of two sections of an organ following excision of diseased tissue

21
Q

what is a covering (defunctioning) loop ileostomy

A

temporary ileostomy created to protect an anastomosis

  • left for 6-8 weeks to allow anastomosis to heal then reversed
  • loop refers to both ends of the small intestine being brought onto the skin
22
Q

when is a hartmanns procedure done

A

emergency bowel surgery e.g. obstruction

  • distal segment of colon is left in situ
  • proximal segment brought onto skin as an end colostomy
  • can be reversed at later date