Colorectal Cancer Flashcards
what are the layers of the GI tract?
Mucosa, Submucosa, Muscularis Propria, subserosa, serosa
what are the risk factors for colorectal cancer?
Increasing age, diet, adenomatous polyps, familial adenomatous polyps, lynch syndrome, long standing UC
what is the clinical presentation of right sided colo-rectal cancer?
Anaemia, weight loss, right iliac fossa mass and rarely small bowel obstruction
what is iron deficiency anaemia in the elderly until proven otherwise?
right sided colon cancer
what are the signs of left sided colorectal cancer?
Altered bowel habit, altered blood per rectum, large bowel obstruction
what are the signs of rectal located colorectal cancer?
Altered bowel habit Fresh blood per rectum Mucus per rectum Tenesmus Mass per rectum
what is a colorectal adenoma?
Polyps derived from the epithelial cells lining the mucosa
what is a pedunculated polyp?
The polyp is attached to the normal mucosa by a stalk
what is a sessile polyp?
the polyp is attached to the normal mucosa by a broad base
what is a tubular polyp?
the polyp is composed of tubular structures when looked down at with the microscope
what is a villous polyp?
the polyp is composed of finger like projections when looked at down the microscope
By definition colorectal adenomas are dysplastic what does this mean?
they are pre-malignant so can become an adenocarcinoma. it’s graded as low or high grade
what the features of an adenoma associated with a higher risk of progression to cancer?
High grade dysplasia
increasing size
Histological Type
