Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Med/Surg 1 Exam 2 > Colorectal Cancer > Flashcards

Colorectal Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Where does colorectal cancer start?

A

Colon or rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

1 in how many will develop colorectal cancer?

A

1 : 20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What gender is more at risk?

A

Men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Most common over what age?

A

50

Incidence rises with increasing age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Nearly all of colorectal start of as?

A

Polyps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are polyps?

A

Small vascular growths on the mucous membrane (in the glandular tissue of intestinal lining)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where do most tumors develop ?

A

Sigmoid colon or rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are hyperplastic polyps?

A

Generally harmless, small

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are adenomatous polyps?

A

Common: small tumor of epithelial tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does most colorectal cancer from from?

A

Adenomatous — > Adenocarcinomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are polypsosis syndromes?

A

Hereditary conditions which cause polyps
Usually rare, occurs in young people
High chance of becoming cancerous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some risk factors of colorectal cancer?

A
  • Personal or family history of colorectal cancer, polypsosis disorders, inflammatory bowel disease
  • Age >50
  • Smoking
  • Obesity
  • Alcohol
  • Radiation exposure
  • Diets high in calories, fats, and meat proteins
  • Presence of anaerobic gut bacteria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is key in prevention of colorectal cancer?

A

Screening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

For individuals over 50, what should they do for prevention?

A
  • Yearly fecal occult blood test
  • Stool DNA test
  • Flexible Sigmoidoscopy every 5 year
  • Double contrast barium enema every 5 years
  • Colonoscopy every 10 years
  • CT colonography every 5 years
  • *MAY reduce incidence: exercise, MVI, aspirin, NSAIDS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the initial manifestation to seek care?

A

Rectal bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Clinical manifestations of colorectal cancer?

A 
Changes in bowel habits 
Pain 
Anorexia/weight loss
Abdominal mass
Fatigue 
Anemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are some diagnostic tools/tests used for colorectal cancer?

A
  • Endoscopy (Full colonoscopy better than sigmoidoscopy- can detect 50-65%)
  • Biopsy of tissue
  • Fecal blood tests
  • CBC
  • Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What can CEA be used for?

A

Monitor course of treatment, prognosis

*Detect possible areas of metastasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

TNM Staging system: Colorectal Cancer

T is for what?

A

How far a tumor has grown into the intestinal wall and whether it has grown into nearby areas

20
Q

TNM Staging system: Colorectal Cancer

N is for what?

A

The extent to nearby (regional) lymph nodes

21
Q

TNM Staging system: Colorectal Cancer

M is for what?

A

Whether the cancer has spread (metasized) to other organs of the body (most common in colorectal cancer- liver and lungs)

22
Q

What is a “treatment of choice” for colorectal cancer?

A

Surgical resection (w/ anastomosis) of tumor, adjacent colon and regional lymph node

23
Q

What are some medical treatments for colorectal cancer?

A
  • Surgical resection
  • Excision of tumor (sometimes done during endoscopy)
  • Laser photocoagulation
  • Abdominal resection with permanent colostomy
  • Fulguration
  • Chemo and EBR (post-op typically)
  • Brachytherapy
24
Q

What is laser photocoagulation?

A

Beam of light to generate heat, destroys small tumors, palliative-obstructions

25
Q

In abdominal resection with permanent colostomy, what wants to be preserved and avoided?

A

Attempt to preserve anal sphincter and avoid colostomy

26
Q

What is fulguration?

A

Uses electrical current to kill cancer tissue similar to cauterization

27
Q

In a bowel resection, what is removed?

A

All or part of large intestine

28
Q

For what type of patients is bowel resection used?

A

Patients with early stage tumors

High cure rate

29
Q

Bowel resection often leads to what?

A

Creation of a colostomy (can be either permanent or temporary depending on factors)

30
Q

What are the two types of bowel resection?

A

Open and laparascopic

31
Q

What chemo drugs are usually used with colorectal cancer?

A 
Fluorouracil (5-FU)
Folonic Acid (Leucovorin)
32
Q

How are the chemo drugs usually given?

A

IV

sometimes topically

33
Q

What are the side effects of Flurouracil and Folonic Acid?

A 
N/V
Diarrhea
Alopecia 
Photosensitivity 
Cardiotoxicity 
CNS Damage
34
Q

Fluorouracil is usually combined with what other therapy?

A

Radiation

35
Q

What is a sigmoid colostomy?

A

Most common: permanent: Cancer of the rectum

36
Q

A double barrel colostomy has what kinds of stomas?

Objective?

A
  • Distal stoma- colon is bypassed expels mucus

- Proximal stoma- functional, diverts feces to abdominal wall

37
Q

Colostomy:

Transverse Loop

A

Emergency to relieve obstruction or address perforation:

Temporary

38
Q

Colostomy:

Hartman Procedure

A

Temporary
Distal portion left in place and oversewn for closure
Follow up 3-6 months with reanastamosis
Usually for trauma

39
Q

What should included in the ostomy education?

A
  • Promote quality of life “live your life”
  • Monitor medications (changes in bowel habits)
  • Well-balanced diet (avoid certain foods)
  • Colostomy irrigation (enema through stoma)
40
Q

What should be included in ostomy care?

A
  • Clean with soap and water, pat dry
  • Post-op, watch for incision
  • Check for leaks
  • Cut wafer slightly larger than stoma
  • Stoma paste-various products
  • Bag “burp” if full of gas
41
Q

What should be emphasized on patient education with colorectal cancer?

A

Screening

42
Q

What is the survival rate for people with stage 1?

A

5 year rate of 74-90%

43
Q

How does colon cancer spread throughout?

A

Direct extension of the entire bowel, circumference, submucosa and outer bowel walls, neighboring structures

44
Q

What is another name of Lynch syndrome?

A

Hereditary nonpolyposis

45
Q

What is lynch syndrome?

A

Autosomal dominant disorder

Increase occurrence of all cancers

46
Q

What is the indicator that the bag is working?

A

Bag “burp” if full of gas

Med/Surg 1 Exam 2 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions